Talk:Curzon line
|
|
| Contents |
Early discussions
This definition of the Curzon Line is nonsense. I will write a proper article later tonight. What is it with Polish history at this encyclopaedia?
The map showing the Curzon line is wrong! Curzon line does not follow the modern border between Poland and Belarus, but with some variations, especially near Bialystok and Lvov(Lviv, Lemberg).
Can you refer me to a map showing that? Adam 05:16, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Later: I have found a maore detailed map and I will make some changes to the map at the article. Adam 05:19, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)
I have made some alterations to the map and the text. Adam 06:22, 1 Feb 2004 (UTC)
The sentence If there had been a plebiscite in the area (which neither side would have permitted), the attitude of the Jewish population would have determined the outcome. (falsely) suggests, that other ethnic groups would be happy to join the soviet paradise. Maybe it's just me, but it doesn't seem very NPOV.Halibutt 03:06, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)
The sentence does assume that the Ukrainian and Belorusian populations would have voted to accede to the Soviet Union rather than to Poland. If the choice had been between Poland on the one hand and a free and/or independent Ukrainian and/or Belorusian state on the other, there is no doubt they would have chosen the latter. Whether they would have voted to accede to the Soviet Union as it was in 1939 cannot of course be known, but I agree it should not be assumed they would have done. I will amend the sentence. Adam 03:25, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)
- It's much better now, thanks. Unfortunately, nobody has acces to true percentages of the infamous "referendum" of 1939, but there are countless sources by all nations (not only Poles) that it was seen as a tragedy rather than "reunification with the motherland". Including some Belorussian peasants' diaries I've read recently, in which one of them stated "What the Poles failed to achieve in 200 years, the soviets accomplished in just a year: we're all Polacks now." - which is an obvious referrence to the terror started immediately after Sept. 17th.Halibutt 09:34, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)
As to the ethnic cleansing - I used this term since IMO it better reflects the situation than the terms used at the time or some longer description (i.e. mass murder connected with expulsions and expropiations). I was referring to:
- Zamosc area (mass expulsions to other areas and to death camps; done by the Germans to create a purely-German area)
- Wołyń/Volynia area (Kowel, Łuck, Równe) 1943-1944 - mass executions of Poles made mostly by the Ukrainian OUN-UPA in order to create an ethnically-clean area -- 50-60.000 Polish civilians dead.
- Mass deportations in the 1939-1941 period of the 'anti-soviet elements' (between 1.080.000 and 1.114.000 Polish citizens, mostly Poles). In the 1944-53 additional deportations took place and the overal number of Poles deported to Siberia, Kazakhstan and GuLag rose to approximately 2 millions. Approximately 500.000 died.
If you think that there is some better term for this - feel free to post it here.Halibutt 10:12, 12 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Thanks for that information. It should go in an appropriate article, perhaps History of Poland (1939-1945). This level of detail does not belong in an article on the Curzon Line, which was an episode in diplomatic history. Adam 01:25, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)
- 80 years is quite a long time as for an episode, don't you think? Nevermind.Halibutt
- Not in historical terms, no. Adam 01:57, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)
- Well, it is half of what we call the modern history. Longer than independence of India, twice as long as human presence in space. Curzon Line is not just a line on the map, it's millions of people dead or expelled from their homes. I think that, similarily to the Oder-Neisse line article, we should put some info on the post-war events here as well. What do you say?Halibutt 13:47, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)
- Not in historical terms, no. Adam 01:57, 13 Feb 2004 (UTC)
I say what I said before. Adam 14:03, 14 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Following text was moved to talk: Ethnography to the West of the Curzon Line
Similiar problems pertained to the West of the Curzon line. The Polish population was generally overwhelmingly predominant in the towns and especially the cities, but the opposite situation, based on older settlement patterns, was often in evidence in the rural districts. Significant rural populations (as much as one-half million)of the Belarus' nation were incorporated into modern Poland around Bialystok. The area around Chelm (Ukr.Kholm), Przemysl (Ukr. Peremyshl) and a part of the Boyko mountainous regions and the entire Lemko mountainous region extending along the southern border of Poland nearly as far west as Cracow included around one-million Ukrainians in the territory of post-war Poland. Much of this population was forcibly resettled into Poland's newly acquired territories of Silesia, Pomerania and Prussia after World War II.
What kind of problems do I have with the text? First, it looks good as an attempt to underline, that Curzon line was not an ethnic border between Poles on one side and Ukrainians, Belorussian and Lithuanians on the other hand. Ethnic border was simply not possible to implement, since all nations were mixed on the whole area of Eastern Border. Nevertheless, the paragraph, as it is written right now, gives impression, that deals with areas West of Curzon line. I think it is not proper place to state it.
Other problem I have with it, that it is POV and factually wrong. First of all Lemko and Bojko are Ruthenians. If they were Ukrainians in 1945 it is doubtfull. Secondly, this doesn't describe Polish-Soviet population transfer, that occured in 1945. Cautious 15:48, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I like this paragraph. After some corrections (Lemkos, Boikos, Poleszuks), addition of more details on the ethnic patern after WWII and a paragraph on the Wisla Action and the population transfer - it could be inserted again.Halibutt 17:44, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
I have reinstated a shortened version of the parapgraph. I am sick of this article being cluttered up with detailed ethnographic argument and Polish, Ukrainian, Belarusian and who knows what else nationalist propaganda, mostly in bad English. Adam 23:45, 15 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Could you explain why did you cut the piece of information concerning the Line being extended further south? IMO it's quite important to explain that the line originally did not include the areas south of Chelm.Halibutt 00:50, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- And do you really find the piece of information about the Lwów/L'viv area a nationalist guff? I thought it's a simple fact...Halibutt 12:10, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
The following was removed by Adam
Multinational solution(attempts)
Since the areas of Eastern Poland used to have mixed populations, there were many attempts of fair for all nations solution of the problem. This was serious alternative to artificial division of the country and forced population transfer. One of those alternatives was to re-establish Great Duchy of Lithuania in its historical borders. This initiative was supported by Jozef Pilsudski. Other concept, was to establish autonomus regions as Ignacy Paderewski suggested.
After the Polish-Soviet war the new state called Central Lithuania, that included the area around Wilno, was established. Various diplomats and local politicians believed that the area could have formed the common country for all nationalities populating the land. A cantonal status was proposed (see: Hymans' Plan). This idea, however, was abandoned since both Poland and Lithuania did not want to give up claims to the city of Wilno. Eventually, the state was the subject of a referendum in 1922, followed by incorporation to Poland according to the wish of 65% of the voters. The Polish-Soviet border was recognised by the League of Nations in 1923 and confirmed by various Polish-Soviet agreements.
My question is: shall we focus only on border (as it is in Oder-Neisse line), then we should remove all that POV staff, that the new border was good. Otherwise, we should state, that the only fair solution would have been to allow all nationalities to live in peace on the same land. The current version is propaganda of ethnic cleaning. Cautious 12:33, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
It is not our job to say that anything was or was not fair. This started out as a simple article describing an episode in diplomatic history. It is being turned into a morass of ethnic propaganda, mostly driven by this obsession with righting Poland's historical wrongs that causes so many conflicts at Wikipedia. I will continue to do what I can to prevent this, but fanatics usually win these arguments in the long run by a process of exhaustion. Adam 13:32, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I agree that parhaps the best way would be to write a simple article about what Curzon Line was and its' evolution while the rest (all the ethnic, cultural and sociological stuff) could be moved to Talk:History of Poland for discussion and further integration with that article (if needed). However, a paragraph explaining the difference between the actual Curzon Line and present-day eastern border of Poland should be included. It is important.Halibutt 13:49, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I agree. It is certain that Adam is obsessed with anti-Polish bias. However, the ethnic desription should be moved elsewhere. Cautious 16:38, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- It is not certain and I'd rather you stopped pro personam arguments here. On the other hand I'd like him to explain his rv a litte.Halibutt 19:12, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
It is the standard response of the Polish nationalist lobby here to accuse anyone who attempts to oppose their narrow agenda of "anti-Polish bias." I am neither pro nor anti-Polish. I am pro-history and anti self-serving propaganda cluttering up articles. Adam 23:22, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Are you not obsessed? So why you insist that the list of concentration camps, where Poles were detained, is itself anti-Semitic? Who started the next discussion with my from Aj!Waj!?? Cautious 08:42, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Be whoever you are, but could you please answer my question?Halibutt 23:29, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
What was the question? Adam 00:56, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- I bolded it for you.Halibutt
All right, apparently you didn't find my questions. I'm reposting them here
- Could you explain why did you cut the piece of information concerning the Line being extended further south? IMO it's quite important to explain that the line originally did not include the areas south of Chelm.Halibutt 00:50, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- And do you really find the piece of information about the Lwów/L'viv area a nationalist guff? I thought it's a simple fact...Halibutt 12:10, 16 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Point of View and Resolution
I think that perhaps a way out of this mess would be to shorten this article greatly and provide links. The prelude to the Curzon line could be covered in one introductory paragraph. Curzon's efforts should be described in a few paragraphs. It really seems contrary to accepted convention, though, to describe THE Curzon line as a multitude of possibilities, each deserving equal treatment. Putting in detailed info about exactly how many people were where and when goes beyond the scope of what one expects from an encyclopedia article. Use the links instead. It also seems tenditious to list areas of today's Ukraine and Belarus' as "Eastern Poland." Wouldn't a more neutral POV be "East of the Curzon Line?" Another alternative would be to briefly summarize, non-judgementally, the disadvantages/advantages for the four peoples/nations involved. Why is this article so big? We need to face the white and red elephant in the middle of the living room here. The massive length of this article is driven by the POV that the areas left OUT of a political state called "Poland" justly should have been Polish! We need a new section of Wikipedia for this type of thing -- it should be called Wishipedia -- or, to honor the content that awaits it, Wyshypidia. Could someone please help me with the proper Polish spelling on this one? Genyo 17:02, 17 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Well I'm glad you said that and not me, comrade. You are of course quite right. I wish you luck. Adam 01:01, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Of course when you do confront the white and red elephant on this or other issues they claim you sympathise with the black and gold eagle (http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/6/64/Germany_coa.png) PMA 08:51, Mar 18, 2004 (UTC)
- Excuse me gentlemen, but how does this add to the solution of our problem here? Maybe I'm wrong (correct me then), but for me remarks of wishipedia and polish conspiracy are equally worthless as namecalling and Nico-bashing. Perhaps one of you could prepare a new, shortened version of this article and post it here for further discussion. I'm sure we could reach some compromise - but there must be some help from your side too.Halibutt 08:58, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Of course when you do confront the white and red elephant on this or other issues they claim you sympathise with the black and gold eagle (http://en.wikipedia.org/upload/6/64/Germany_coa.png) PMA 08:51, Mar 18, 2004 (UTC)
shortened version of article
The Curzon line was a boundary line proposed in 1919 by the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Curzon, as a border between Poland, to the west, and Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine, to the east. It lay approximately along the border which was established between Prussia and Russia in 1797, after the third partition of Poland. The line separating the German and Union zones of occupation following the defeat of Poland in 1939 followed the Curzon Line in places, while diverging from it around Bialystok in the north and in the southern region of Galicia. The Line was used in 1945 as the basis for the permanent border between Poland and the Soviet Union, although with substantial differences.
It is often said that the Curzon Line represented an ethnic border between Poles to the west and Russians and Ukrainians to the east. This was not the intention when Lord Curzon proposed the line: its origins were diplomatic and historical, not ethnic. Nevertheless it did run along a line which, with some notable anomalies, approximated a division between regions to the west which were mixed, but majority Polish, and regions to the east which were mixed but majority non-Polish. (see Ethnography of eastern Poland).
(map)
History of the Curzon Line
During World War I the Allies agreed that an independent Polish state should be formed from territories previously part of the Russian Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Germany. The Treaty of Versailles in 1919 said that the eastern border of Poland would be "subsequently determined." The lands lying between Poland and its eastern neighbours were inhabited by a mixed population of Poles, Jews, Lithuanians, Jews, Ukrainians and Belarussians, with no single group being a majority. During the Polish-Soviet War Lord Curzon, on behalf of the Allies, suggested a line running from Grodno through Brest-Litovsk to Lwow, although leaving unclear which side of the proposed border Lwow would be on. A later version of the Line, known as Curzon Line "B", definitely awarded Lwow to Poland (see map).
Because the Russian Empire had collapsed into a state of civil war following the Russian Revolution, there was no recognised Russian government with whom the eastern border of Poland could be negotiated. One of the first acts of the Russian provisional government in 1917 was to publicly denounce the treaties of partitions of Poland. The Bolshevik regime which came to power in October 1917, however, wanted to invade Poland in order to carry the socialist revolution into the heart of Europe, and particularly into Germany. In this circumstances war was inevitable, and broke out in late 1919.
In December 1919, the Allied powers made the following declaration: The Principal Allied and Associated Powers, recognising that it is important as soon as possible to put a stop to the existing conditions of political uncertainty in which the Polish nation is placed, and without prejudging the provisions, which must in the future define the eastern frontiers of Poland, hereby declare that they recognise the right of the Polish Government to proceed, according to the conditions previously provided by the Treaty with Poland of June 28, 1919, to organise a regular administration of the territories of the former Russian Empire situated to the West of the line described below [the Curzon Line]. The rights that Poland may be able to establish over the territories situated to the East of the said line are expressly reserved.
After an initial Polish offensive into Ukraine, which captured Kiev in May 1920, the Bolsheviks gained the advantage and advanced into Poland, and in July the Poles appealed to the Allies to intervene. On 11 July Lord Curzon proposed to the Soviet government a ceasefire along the line which had been suggested the previous year. Polish parliament, after a long discussion, accepted the line because it was seen as a last chance for remaining independent. However, the Soviets, believing they had the upper hand, rejected the proposal, and fighting continued. In August, however, the Soviets were defeated just outside Warsaw and forced to retreat. At the Treaty of Riga in March 1921 the Soviets had to concede a frontier well to the east of the Curzon Line, giving Poland both Lwow and Wilno (today Vilnius}. The area around Wilno, called Central Lithuania was the subject of a referendum in 1922, which was followed by its incorporation to Poland according to the wishes of 65% of the voters. The Polish-Soviet border was recognised by the League of Nations in 1923 and confirmed by various Polish-Soviet agreements.
The terms of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939 provided for the partition of Poland along the line of the San, Vistula and Narew rivers. In September, after the military defeat of Poland, the Soviet Union annexed all territories east of the Curzon Line plus Bialystok and Eastern Galicia. The territories east of this line were incorporated into the Byelorussian and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republics after so-called referendums, and hundreds of thousands of Poles and Jews were deported eastwards into the Soviet Union. In July 1941 these territories were seized by Germany in the course of the invasion of the Soviet Union. During the German occupation most of the Jewish population was killed.
In march 1943 Roosevelt and Churchill agreed that the Polish government would have to agree to some compromise with the Soviet Union regarding the eastern border. In 1944 the Soviet armed forces recaptured eastern Poland from the Germans. The Soviets unilaterally declared the former Soviet-German border (approximately the Curzon Line) to be the new frontier between the Soviet Union and Poland. This time, however, Bialystok was retained by Poland. The Polish government-in-exile in London bitterly opposed this action, and at the Teheran and Yalta conferences between Stalin and the western Allies, the allied leaders Roosevelt and Churchill asked Stalin to reconsider, particularly over Lwow, but he refused. The Curzon Line thus became the permanent eastern border of Poland, and was recognised as such by the western Allies in July 1945.
<-- Need proof. AFAIK Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to the line long before Teheran and that was only a confrmation Halibutt -->
Adam 09:33, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- my editions are in italics. Change them to normal if you agree.Halibutt 11:29, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Shortened version discussion
Ok, good gentlemen, some explanation and feedback. Someone should be able to read this article and not perceive any wish that one side should have gotten more! That's the bottom line that would move this article from encyclopedia into the "Wish" division. Perhaps some neutral statement of the line being immperfect for all four groups would be a second best option?
I like the overall lines of the "shortened version." I think the history of the Curzon Line Section, is way too deep, and instead should be handled by a link to " History of WW I," or "WW I, Eastern front" (or something like that). A few sentences to the aftermath of the "Curzon Line" proposal would seem to suffice. (e.g. the military outcome determined an interwar border 200 miles to the east...?)
Secondly, what was known or supposed by Curzon and his 'dialogue group' about the nature of the polictical state of Poland's Eastern neighbors? Would it be most accurate to speak of the government of certain ethnic groups instead of states (or "today's" Ukr., Lith., Bel. ?) Was the line proposed as resolving a "Polish issue?" (it's eastern border?) Apparently the answer was yes? Finally, would a NPOV way to say the issue be a border between homogenously populated territories of both groups? majority? ethnically non-mixed? Or was it seen differently at the time? As in, say, between Polish areas and mixed areas--or Polish areas and other nationality areas? Genyo 21:50, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
First of all, the line was indeed not perfect for anyone. What is hard to understand from Westerners' point of view is that these areas were indeed of mixed population, much more mixed than Lorraine or Ulster. This is especially visible in history of Lwow, which had at least 10 significant minorities apart from the "big three".
I've been taught at school (and most Polish history books support this) that the line was based mostly on four factors:
- the borders of the "Congress Poland"
- The whole ethnic explanation was based on Russian pre-war censae (far from being 100% credible) as lord Curzon apparently had no knowledge about the German 1915 census (much more reliable and the only census on which both Poles and Lithuanians agree - see Central Lithuania).
- it was approximately the frontline the Reds reached at the moment the line was finally proposed by Curzon. And that's why the Bolsheviks refused it since they were the ones to propose it at first (December 8th 1919), when the Poles reached the Ferdinand Foch Line: Niemen river-Grodno-Wilno-Dyneburg (Nemunas River-Hrodna-Vilnius-Daugavpils, with both Wilno and Lwow on the Polish side. The Soviet counter-proposal was seen as impossible then since Pilsudski was still on his march eastwards. Then he stopped not to help Denikin (since the latter did not accept the very existence of independent Poland). However, in 1920 when the line was dug-out by Curzon (not invented!) it was the Soviets who saw it as unacceptable since they were about to capture Warsaw.
Anyway, the line was totally inacceptable for Poland. It was accepted at the Spa conference by the government which saw no other choice, but the situation on the Home Front was tragic and public riots almost overthrown the cabinet of Grabski.
So, on to your questions:
- Secondly, what was known or supposed by Curzon and his 'dialogue group' about the nature of the polictical state of Poland's Eastern neighbors?
I doubt such factors were important to them. They simply decided that the last chance of stoping the Reds before they reach Germany was by "proposing them their own proposal". The only two major players were Poland and Russia, nobody cared about Belorussians or Ukrainians.
- Would it be most accurate to speak of the government of certain ethnic groups instead of states (or "today's" Ukr., Lith., Bel. ?)
Apart from the Ukrainian government (in exile at the moment of Curzons proposal) there was no other government. The Peoples' Republic of Belarus was incorporated into Bolshevik Russia (there was no Soviet Union yet) and Lithuania was trying to pretend she's not there in order to stay independent and not to fall victim of Russian agression.
- Was the line proposed as resolving a "Polish issue?" (it's eastern border?) Apparently the answer was yes?
The line was proposed by the Reds as resolving the "Polish issue" and by Curzon as resolving the "Red Germany" issue. At that moment Poland was seen as a game-over situation. That's why Curzon agreed to all Russian demands, includng the Russian economc rights, dsarmament of the Polsh army and other political concessions.
- Finally, would a NPOV way to say the issue be a border between homogenously populated territories of both groups? majority? ethnically non-mixed? Or was it seen differently at the time? As in, say, between Polish areas and mixed areas--or Polish areas and other nationality areas?
Just as I say, when the Reds proposed it, they argued that the border of Congress Poland was equal to Polish ethnic boundary. It was based on Russian censuses and wasn't really credble, although it was definitely closer to the ethnic border (if it could be drawn) than the 1938 border. However, I doubt lord Curzon and the League of Nations thought of that when they were trying to resolve the issue. That's why they did not prepared a fixed line in Galicia and proposed the frontline reached on the day of the cease-fire instead.
Sorry for making ths post so long, but I wanted to give some in-sight.Halibutt 23:48, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
South of the Line, Teheran, Churchill and Roosevelt
The problem with Churchills opinion in Teheran is that, according to his own memoirs, he accepted the line unconditionally. He himself writes that he was surprised by how far westwards the border was to be moved. Also in his memoirs there's a caption describing that the only person to underline that Lord Curzon did not plan the line in Galicia and that Lwow should be left on the Polish side was, surprisingly enough, Eden. The only question Roosevelt asked was if Stalin believed that a peaceful and voluntary population transfer is possible. Stalin agreed and that was the end of the discussion.Halibutt 11:44, 18 Mar 2004 (UTC)
I know I have read that Roosevelt asked Stalin, either at Teheran or Yalta, to reconsider the Lwow question, but I can't source this at present. Adam 00:09, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)
- Need proof or a source.Halibutt 02:13, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)
[1] (http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=90): "At the Yalta conference in February 1945, relatively quick agreement was reached on the eastern frontier of Poland. In pressing the acceptance of the Curzon Line, Stalin argued that he could hardly claim less for the Soviet Union than Curzon and Clemenceau had offered after World War I. He also argued that the Soviet-Polish border was a matter of vital security to Russia. Roosevelt noted that Polish-American opinion was ready to accept the Curzon Line, but he urged Stalin to cede Lvov and possibly some oil fields in compensation for the annexation of Konigsberg. As Stalin was not especially sensitive to the feelings of Polish-Americans, this suggestion went nowhere." Adam 02:39, 19 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Rest is moved to: User:Adam Carr/anti-Polish bigot
Adam, you are not showing bigotry. You are showing unwilligness to made a compromise. Also, "rule greater part of Lithuania" is simply wrong, since that part of Lithuania which was ruled by Poland HAD POLISH MAJORITY FOR GOD SAKE.
ALSO, it was not "Whatever Poles could grab in 1922". Again, it was Soviets who striked first; war started in 1919; and in peace of Riga Soviets offered much more than Poles accepted. LET ME REPEAT: Polish delegation refused to accept much bigger territorial concession from Soviets!
If you articulate such sentences then one may start to wonder whether you know ANYTHING about the issue eexcept for the propaganda. Szopen
This argument is now taking place at four different places. See my comments at Talk:History of Poland (1939-1945). Adam 06:09, 20 Mar 2004 (UTC)
Nice NPOV change, there PMAustin! The old form seemed to settle the POV before the topic is even introduced. Genyo 13:23, 24 Mar 2004 (UTC)
I'm probably getting involved in a huge, endless debate, but I would have thought the mutual ethnic cleansing (yes, Poles killed Ukrainians as well) during WWII would be relevant to an article on the Curzon line. And although I see someone has argued that the term ethnic cleansing should not be used since it's a 90s invention, I think many scholars have adopted the term for relevant historical events (I refer to Timothy Snyder's The Reconstruction of Nations). --Iceager 06:39, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
This is an article about the Curzon Line, which is an episode in diplomatic history. It is not an article about ethnic cleansing by anybody against anybody. There are a dozen other articles where that topic can be addressed. And please put your edits here at the foot of the page so people can find them. Adam 07:36, 1 May 2004 (UTC)
Ethnography to the west of the Curzon Line
The Ethnography to the west of the Curzon Line section of this article includes the nonsense sentence: "The southern area a large population." This seems to be the remnant of text added in this edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curzon_line&diff=2631356&oldid=2413956) which read "The area around Chelm (Ukr.Kholm), Przemysl (Ukr. Peremyshl) and a part of the Boyko mountainous regions and the entire Lemko mountainous region extending along the southern border of Poland nearly as far west as Cracow included around one-million Ukrainians in the territory of post-war Poland.". This was modified in this later edit (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curzon_line&diff=2788624&oldid=2783205) to the current version, and nobody caught it yet. I'd guess it is supposed to say something like "The southern area of post-war Poland had a large population of around one-million Ukrainians.", but I don't know if that's true (and why the ethnic Ukrainians would have been "resettled in Poland's newly acquired territories of Silesia, Pomerania, Eastern Brandenburg and East Prussia after World War II", as the article goes on to say in the next sentence). Since I'm not quite sure what the sentence is meant to say, I'm going to leave it to an expert on this area to fix it. Noel (talk) 18:34, 1 Jun 2005 (UTC)
- The missing link here is the article on Action Vistula, or a major anti-UPA (and anti-Ukrainian as well) action of the post-war communist authorities of Poland and Soviet Union. In the effect of the action, almost all inhabitants of the Beskides were resettled to newly-acquired lands in the west. The resettled included almost all Ukrainians, Lemkos, Boikos and Poles living there. Paradoxially, this spared them the fate of the Ukrainians expulsed to Soviet Union between 1944 and 1947, who were in a large part sent to Kazakhstan and Siberia. But this is a completely different topic. Halibutt 19:27, Jun 1, 2005 (UTC)