Table of consonants
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The following tables list all the consonants listed by the International Phonetic Alphabet. The first table contains consonants articulated in the front part of the mouth, and the second table contains consonants articulated in the back part of the mouth. The places of articulation are listed on top, and the manners of articulation on the left side. Where consonants occur in pairs, the consonant on the left represents a voiceless articulation and the consonant on the right represents a voiced articulation.
Affricates are not included in the table, since they are generally composed of symbols in the table. Phonologically they do function as single consonants in many languages.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Labial-palatal | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p | b | [[voiceless dental plosive|]] | [[voiced dental plosive|]] | t | d | [[voiceless retroflex plosive|]] | [[voiced retroflex plosive|]] | ||||||
| Voiced implosive | [[voiced bilabial implosive|]] | [[voiced dental implosive|]] | [[voiced alveolar implosive|]] | |||||||||||
| Ejective | [[bilabial ejective|]] | [[dental ejective |]] | [[alveolar ejective |]] | |||||||||||
| Nasal | m | [[labiodental nasal|]] | [[dental nasal|]] | n | [[retroflex nasal|]] | |||||||||
| Trill | [[bilabial trill|]] | r | ||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | [[alveolar flap|]] [[lateral alveolar flap|]] | [[retroflex flap|]] | ||||||||||||
| Fricative | [[voiceless bilabial fricative |]] | β | f | v | [[voiceless dental fricative |]] | [[voiced dental fricative |]] | s | z | [[voiceless postalveolar fricative |]] | [[voiced postalveolar fricative |]] | [[voiceless retroflex fricative |]] | [[voiced retroflex fricative |]] | ||
| Lateral fricative | [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative|]] | [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative|]] | ||||||||||||
| Ejective fricative | [[alveolar ejective fricative |]] | |||||||||||||
| Percussive | [[bilabial percussive|]] | [[bidental percussive|]] | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | [[labiodental approximant|]] | [[alveolar approximant |]] | [[retroflex approximant |]] | [[labial-palatal approximant|]] | ||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | [[lateral retroflex approximant |]] | ||||||||||||
| Click consonant | [[bilabial click|]] | |||||||||||||
| Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Labial-velar | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Epiglottal | Glottal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | c | [[voiced palatal plosive|]] | k | g | q | [[voiced uvular plosive|]] | [[epiglottal plosive|]] | [[glottal stop|]] | ||||||||
| Voiced implosive | [[voiced palatal implosive|]] | [[voiced velar implosive|]] | [[voiced uvular implosive|]] | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | [[palatal nasal|]] | [[velar nasal|]] | [[uvular nasal|]] | |||||||||||||
| Trill | [[uvular trill|]] | |||||||||||||||
| Fricative | [[voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|]] | [[voiced alveolo-palatal fricative |]] | [[voiceless palatal fricative |]] | [[voiced palatal fricative |]] | [[voiceless labial-velar fricative |]] | [[voiceless velar fricative |]] | [[voiced velar fricative |]] | [[voiceless uvular fricative |]] | [[voiced uvular fricative |]] | [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative |]] | [[voiced pharyngeal fricative |]] | [[voiceless epiglottal fricative |]] | [[voiced epiglottal fricative |]] | [[voiceless glottal fricative |]] | [[voiced glottal fricative |]] | |
| Approximant | [[palatal approximant |]] | [[labial-velar approximant |]] | [[velar approximant |]] | |||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | [[lateral palatal approximant |]] | [[lateral velar approximant |]] | ||||||||||||||
Other consonants:
- Simultaneous palato-alveolar and velar fricative :[[simultaneous palato-alveolar and velar fricative|]]
- Velopharyngeal fricative: [[velopharyngeal fricative|]]