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- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...carbon content than this are known as [[cast iron|iron]].
5: ...ired. A more recent definition is that steels are iron-based alloys that can be [[plasticity (physics)|p...
7: ==Iron and steel==
8: ...-free environment. Unlike copper and tin, liquid iron dissolves carbon quite readily, so that smelting ...
10: ...n Ore Pellets.jpg|thumb|left|250px|This heap of [[iron ore]] pellets will be used in steel production.]] - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
39: ...ly choice in an age of disposable products and environmental concerns.
59: *[[Zinc oxide]] ([[zinc|Zn]][[oxygen|O]]), which is a semicondu...
61: *[[Ferrite]] ([[iron|Fe]]<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), which is [[ferrim...
64: *Uranium oxide ([[uranium|U]]O<sub>2</sub>), used as fuel in nuc...
65: *[[Yttrium barium copper oxide]] ([[yttrium|Y]][[barium|Ba]]<sub>2</sub>[[copper... - Glass (26176 bytes)
13: ...''Common glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which...
30: ...hich is obviously undesirable, so lime ([[calcium oxide]], [[Calcium|Ca]][[Oxygen|O]]) is the third compo...
32: ...producing high-quality lenses. Large amounts of [[iron]] are used in glass that absorbs [[infrared]] ene...
37: ...e an imitation [[porcelain]]. 2 to 3% of [[copper oxide]] produces a [[turquoise]] color. Pure metallic [...
42: ...ed glass by adding metallic compounds and mineral oxides to produce brilliant hues of red, green, and bl... - Illuminated manuscript (5973 bytes)
32: ...lors such as [[cochineal]] and [[kermes]]; [[iron oxide]]-rich earth compounds
47: ...oal]], or burnt bones or [[ivory]]; [[sepia]]; [[iron gall]] - Blast furnace (4721 bytes)
1: ...is used for the production of [[pig iron]] from [[iron ore]].
4: ...ina]] in the [[1st century BC]]. However, [[cast iron]] artifacts found in China have been dated as ear...
6: ... a [[coal]]-derived fuel made blast furnace-based iron smelting significantly less expensive.
9: ...ther valve at the bottom opened to remove the pig iron.
15: ...ng chemically to produce pure iron and [[carbon dioxide]], which leaks out of the furnace at the top. - Mars (27704 bytes)
8: ...ople. Its red, fiery appearance is caused by Iron Oxide (rust) on its surface. Mars has only a quarter th...
11: .... The atmosphere on Mars is 95 percent [[carbon dioxide]], 3 percent [[nitrogen]], 1.6 percent [[argon]],...
13: ...ile volcanic methane is accompanied by [[sulfur dioxide]].
22: ... have also been found containing forms of sulfur, iron or bromine such as [[jarosite]]. This and other e...
27: ...s covered with dust and sand rich in reddish iron oxides were once thought of as Martian 'continents' and... - Saturn (planet) (23300 bytes)
147: ...(810.76°/d), which is ''System II''. ''System III'', based on [[radio astronomy|radio]] emissions f...
165: ...ator, and are composed of [[silica]] rock, [[iron oxide]], and ice particles ranging in size from specks ... - List of minerals (11610 bytes)
192: #[[Ferricrete]] Iron oxide cemented soil or sediment
281: #[[Limonite]] (a mixture of iron oxides and hydroxides - rust!) - Earth's atmosphere (10093 bytes)
31: <tr><td>[[Carbon dioxide]]<td>365 ppmv
40: Carbon dioxide and methane updated (to 1998) by [[IPCC]] TAR tab...
42: ... (0.02 ppmv), [[iodine]] (0.01 ppmv), [[carbon monoxide]] (0.0 to trace), and [[ammonia]] (0.0 to trace).
78: ...house effect]], caused by high levels of carbon dioxide, kept the Earth from [[freezing]].
80: ...hotosynthesis, they were able to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen playing a major role in oxygenating t... - Chemical element (8169 bytes)
15: ...learned, existing names (''e.g.,'' gold, mercury, iron) were kept in most countries, and national differ...
41: ...m pure compounds (such as [[water]], [[salt]]s, [[oxide]]s and [[organic compound]]s). In many cases thes... - Limestone (3809 bytes)
7: ..., such as [[clay]], sand, organic remains, [[iron oxide]] and other materials, many limestones exhibit di... - Arsenic (12497 bytes)
47: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) || '''+-3''',5 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
143: ...it rapidly [[oxidation|oxidizes]] to [[arsenic trioxide]], which has a garlic odor. Arsenic and some arse...
150: ...[arsphenamine]] (by Paul Erlich) and [[arsenic trioxide]] (by Thomas Fowler).
152: Arsenic trioxide has been used in a variety of ways over the past ...
157: * Arsenic trioxide is used in [[Australia]] for treating [[termite]]... - Cadmium (10755 bytes)
51: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
194: ...ources, mainly from dust generated by recycling [[iron]] and [[steel]] scrap. Production in the [[Unite... - Calcium (9166 bytes)
39: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td>2 (strong [[Base (chem...
106: ...ter displacing hydrogen and forming [[calcium hydroxide]].
115: ...izer, desulfurizer, or decarburizer for various [[Iron|ferrous]] and nonferrous [[alloy]]s.
120: ...ar]] and is turned into [[plaster]] by [[carbon dioxide]] uptake. Mixed with other compounds, CaO forms a... - Carbon (15360 bytes)
19: .... When united with [[oxygen]] it forms [[carbon dioxide]] which is absolutely vital to [[plant]] growth. ...
34: * Carbon is added to [[iron]] to make [[steel]].
85: ...ller amounts of [[calcium]], [[magnesium]], and [[iron]], it is a major component of very large masses [...
94: The most prominent oxide of carbon is [[carbon dioxide]], CO<sub>2</sub>. This is a minor component of t...
96: ...n suboxide, C<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion, and is a colo... - Cerium (12377 bytes)
49: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
172: ...t is used in some rare-earth alloys. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both mallea...
180: ...salts are orange red or yellowish, whereas cerium(III) salts are usually white.
187: ...s opposes graphitization and produces a malleable iron.
188: ...erium degasifies and can help reduce sulfides and oxides. - Chlorine (10751 bytes)
18: ...lusmn;'''1''', 3, 5, 7 <br />(strongly [[acid]]ic oxide) }}
65: ...rocess]] yields [[hydrogen]] gas and [[sodium hydroxide]], according to the [[chemical equation]]
67: ...ub> + [[hydrogen|H<sub>2</sub>]] + 2 [[sodium hydroxide|NaOH]]
73: ... [[cosmic ray]] [[proton]]s. In the subsurface environment, Cl-36 is generated primarily as a result of ...
92: ...th water, producing [[hydrogen]] and [[sodium hydroxide]]. These are useful byproducts. - Chromium (13677 bytes)
36: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td>6,'''3''',2 (strong ...
121: ** Chromium(III) Oxide is a metal polish known as [[Rouge|Green rouge]].
128: ...here its higher [[coercivity]] than [[Iron|iron]] oxide tapes gives better performance.
132: ...isidentified as a lead compound with selenium and iron components, the material was in fact lead chromat...
136: ...he could isolate metallic chromium by heating the oxide in a charcoal oven. He was also able to detect tr... - Cobalt (13481 bytes)
5: <tr><td colspan="2" align="center">[[iron]] – '''cobalt''' – [[nickel]]</td>
38: <td>[[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) </td><td>'''2''',3 (amphoteric...
84: ...|ε]]</td><td>4.566</td><td><sup>56</sup>[[iron|Fe]]</td></tr>
86: ...td>ε</td><td>0.836</td><td><sup>57</sup>[[iron|Fe]]</td></tr>
88: ...td>ε</td><td>2.307</td><td><sup>58</sup>[[iron|Fe]]</td></tr> - Copper (13595 bytes)
51: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]])
138: ...ting]], the refining of copper from simple copper oxides such as [[malachite]] or [[azurite]]. The earlie...
155: ... ''Limulus polyphemus'' uses copper rather than [[iron]] for oxygen transport.
181: ...es are used to make [[yttrium]] [[barium]] copper oxide (YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</su...
189: ...ite]] (CuS), [[chalcocite]] (Cu<sub>2</sub>S) and oxides like [[cuprite]] (Cu<sub>2</sub>O).
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