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- Periodic table (7298 bytes)
19: ...iodic table (wide)|inline F-block]] inserts the [[Lanthanide]]s and [[Actinide]]s back into the table - Chemical series (2075 bytes)
1: ...l and chemical characteristics vary progressively from one end of the series to another.
5: ...ce, the physical properties that group them arise from the same [[atomic orbital]] configurations that...
14: |style="background:#FFBFFF;"| [[Lanthanide]]s ||
49: [[fr:S鲩e chimique]] - Cerium (12377 bytes)
18: | [[Lanthanide]]s
172: ...m is a silvery metallic element, belonging to the lanthanide group. It is used in some rare-earth alloys. It r...
176: ...oling of the metal can change its oxidation state from about 3 to 4.
223: The isotopes of cerium range in [[atomic weight]] from 123 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (123-Ce) to 152 u (1...
226: ...h bismuth and antimony are very exothermic. Fumes from cerium fires are toxic. Water should not be use... - Dysprosium (8843 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
163: ...]] [[chalcogen|chalcogenide]]s are sources of [[infrared]] radiation for studying chemical reactions; ...
166: ... in the [[1950s]]. The name dysprosium is derived from [[Greece|Greek]] ''dysprositos'', "hard to get ...
169: Dysprosium is never encountered as the free element, but is found in many [[mineral]]s, inc...
198: As with the other lanthanides, dysprosium compounds are of low to moderate [[t... - Erbium (9509 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
182: ...r rare elements in the [[mineral]] [[gadolinite]] from [[Ytterby]] in [[Sweden]].
185: ... [[visible light]], [[ultraviolet]], and near [[infrared]]. Otherwise it looks much like the other rar...
195: ...ttria" from the mineral [[gadolinite]] into three fractions which he called [[yttria]], [[erbia]], and...
198: ...s. The principal commercial sources of erbium are from the minerals [[xenotime]] and [[euxenite]]. Met... - Europium (8579 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
157: ...ery of europium is generally credited to [[France|French]] [[chemist]] [[Eug讥-Antole Demar硹]], who...
162: Europium is never found in nature as the free element; however, there are many minerals conta... - Gadolinium (9860 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
175: ...)_oxide|gadolinia]], the [[oxide]] of Gadolinium, from Mosander's [[yttria]] in [[1886]]. The element ...
183: Gadolinium is never found in nature as the free element, but is contained in many minerals such...
209: As with the other lanthanides, gadolinium compounds are of low to moderate [[t... - Holmium (7766 bytes)
18: | [[Lanthanide]]s
125: ... '''Ho''' and [[atomic number]] 67. Part of the [[lanthanide series]], holmium is a relatively soft and mallea...
144: ...Cleve first removed all of the known contaminants from erbia. The result of that effort was two new ma...
147: ...0.05% holmium) but is still difficult to separate from other rare earths. The element has been isolate... - Lanthanum (10184 bytes)
17: ... series]] </td><td>[[Lanthanide]]s</td></tr>
102: ...c table]] and often considered to be one of the [[lanthanides]]. Found in some [[rare-earth]] minerals, usuall...
109: ** [[Infrared]] absorbing glass.
110: ...] [[Lens (optics)|lenses]], because of the high refractive index and low dispersion of rare-earth glas...
124: ...g the resulting salt with dilute [[nitric acid]]. From the resulting solution, he isolated a new rare ... - Lutetium (10459 bytes)
20: | [[Lanthanide]]s
151: ...sition metal]], but it is commonly considered a [[lanthanide]].
159: ...the chemical elements|discovered]] in [[1907]] by French scientist [[Georges Urbain]] and Austrian min...
161: The separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urb...
166: ...by itself, lutetium is very difficult to separate from other elements and is the least abundant of all... - Neodymium (12345 bytes)
16: ... series]] </td><td>[[Lanthanide]]s</td></tr>
112: ... the green colour caused by [[iron]] contaminants from glass.
113: ...of neodymium ions can be used in [[laser]]s for infrared wavelengths (1054-1064 nm), e.g. Nd:YAG (yttr...
117: ...te plant growth. Rare earth element compounds are frequently used in China as [[fertilizer]].
120: ...orm until [[1925]]. The name neodymium is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''neos'', ne... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanides]]
149: ...ilvery [[metal]]lic element, and belongs to the [[lanthanide]] group. It is somewhat more resistant to [[corro...
160: The name Praseodymium comes from the [[Greece|Greek]] ''prasios'', meaning green...
162: ...a new earth, [[Samarium]], from didymium obtained from the mineral [[samarskite]]. In [[1885]], the [[...
165: ...nazite]] and [[bastnasite]], and can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an [[ion exchange]] p... - Promethium (9561 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
162: .../article_02.shtml] The name promethium is derived from [[Prometheus]] in [[Greek mythology]], who stol...
164: ...used to prepare about 10 grams of promethium from atomic reactor fuel processing wastes.
166: Today, promethium is still recovered from the byproducts of uranium fission; it can also ...
173: ...bylski's star) and HD 965 [http://aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002/articles/aa/abs/2004/21/aa0726/aa0726.html]. - Samarium (10157 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
179: ...marium oxide is used in optical glass to absorb infrared light.
180: ...act as sensitizers for phosphors excited in the infrared.
184: ...hemist [[Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] from the mineral [[samarskite]] ((Y,Ce,U,Fe)<sub>3</...
190: Samarium is never found free in nature, but, like other rare earth elements,... - Scandium (10820 bytes)
105: ...times classified along with [[yttrium]] and the [[lanthanide]]s as a [[rare earth]].
117: ...enite]] and [[gadolinite]]. He named it Scandium, from the [[Latin]] ''Scandia'' meaning "Scandinavia"...
124: ...ources of this element (which is never found as a free metal).
126: ...fter [[tungsten]] is extracted from [[Zinnwald wolframite]].
130: ...ce source of scandium is from military stockpiles from the former Soviet Union, which - Terbium (7841 bytes)
19: | [[Lanthanide]]s
157: Terbium is never found in nature as the free element, but it is contained in many [[mineral]...
185: As with the other lanthanides, terbium compounds are of low to moderate toxici... - Thulium (8549 bytes)
20: | [[Lanthanide]]s
155: ...tomic number]] 69 in the [[periodic table]]. A [[lanthanide]] element, thulium is the least abundant of the [...
158: ...uction costs have prevented other commercial uses from being developed. Other uses/potential uses:
167: ...th other rare earths. It is principally extracted from [[monazite]] (~0.007% thulium) ores found in ri...
172: ...he isotopes of thulium range in [[atomic weight]] from 145.966 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (Tm-146) to 176.... - Ytterbium (10684 bytes)
18: | [[Lanthanide]]s
179: ...c element, ytterbium is a [[rare earth]] of the [[lanthanide series]] and is found in the minerals [[gadolinit...
194: ... Welsbach]] independently isolated these elements from ytterbia at about the same time but called them...
199: ...me]]. Ytterbium is normally difficult to separate from other rare earths but [[ion-exchange]] and [[so...
204: ... isotopes of ytterbium range in [[atomic weight]] from 150.955 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (Yb-151) to 179.... - Yttrium (9384 bytes)
143: ...vely stable in air and chemically resembles the [[lanthanide]]s. Shavings or [[turnings]] of the metal can ign...
152: ...opants such as [[neodymium]] or [[erbium]] in [[infrared]] [[laser]]s.
160: ...n Gadolin in [[1794]] in a [[gadolinite]] mineral from Ytterby.
167: ...ing other techniques. It is difficult to separate from other rare earths and when extracted, is a dark...
169: Lunar rock samples from the [[Apollo program]] have a relatively high ...
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