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- Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...t of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufactur...
3: ...wth of the [[internal combustion engine]] and the development of [[Electric power|electrical power gen...
5: ...red to the [[Neolithic revolution]], when mankind developed [[agriculture]] and gave up its [[nomad|no...
10: ...he accompanying development of international [[trade]], creation of [[financial market]]s and accumula...
12: ...h often imposed tolls and [[tariff]]s on goods traded among them. - Puritan (15882 bytes)
1: ...mbers of a group of radical [[Protestants]] which developed in [[England]] after the [[Reformation]].
4: ...list]]": Puritanism was a movement rather than a denomination.
5: ...at "Puritan" was most often used by opponents and detractors of the group, rather than by the practiti...
8: ...nacceptably subservient to politics. Persecuted under [[Mary I of England]] ("Bloody Mary"), Protestan...
10: ...ble|biblical]] supremacy, and they shared, to one degree or another, a belief in the [[priesthood of a... - Renaissance (14795 bytes)
1: ...e [[Modern Age]]. The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the [[14th century]] in [[Ita...
5: ... by French historian [[Jules Michelet]], and expanded upon by [[Switzerland|Swiss]] historian [[Jacob ...
10: ...riod is now often replaced by the term "[[Early Modern]]". (See [[periodization|periodisation]], [[Lum...
12: ...e as the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age.
17: ...del Fiore.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The [[Santa Maria del Fiore]] church of [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. Flore... - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: The materials definition of a '''glass''' is a uniform [[amorphous...
3: ...ed the word ''glaes'' to describe [[amber]], recorded by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] historians as ''glaesu...
5: ...glasses in common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...d with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to a great many uses of gl...
13: ...ommon glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which... - Stained glass (3937 bytes)
2: ...ss.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Stained glass photo provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
4: ...s2.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Stained glass photo provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
7: ...tallic salts during its manufacture to create a wide variety of [[color]]s. Early stained glass artist...
9: ...teristics that, even for the same color, can provide surprising results.
11: ...or lampshades incorporating colorful pictures and designs. - Culture (23440 bytes)
1: ...250px|Villager in Northern Thailand. Picture provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
5: ...|thumb|left|250px|Street in Myanmar. Picture provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroo Clipart...
6: ...ied to eliminate popular or mass culture from the definition of culture.
8: ...usic|classical music]], and the word ''cultured'' described people who knew about, and took part in, t...
10: ...n seemed more "natural", and observers often defended (or criticized) elements of [[high culture]] for... - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...c actually consists of is something that is still debated today.
4: ... by way of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|m...
6: ... may be combined with it in song) is relatively modern.
10: ...s. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ..., all things were connected with each other - a mode of thought that finds its traces today in the [[o... - Harmonica (21752 bytes)
14: is made to vibrate more easily by air from above, reeds a...
16: ...) also include a spring-loaded button-actuated slide that, when
17: depressed, further redirects air blown or drawn thr...
24: The harmonica consists of a "comb" made of wood, plastic or metal which
26: ...omatic harmonicas also have a button-activated slide. - Finland (29511 bytes)
1:
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
9: ...center width=130px| ([[Coat of Arms of Finland|In Detail]])
22: |'''[[List of Presidents of Finland|President]]''': || [[Tarja Halonen]] - Spain (36498 bytes)
1: ..., the Spanish language remains widely spoken outside of the country, and is the official language of n...
7: native_name = Reino de Espań” ¼
10: image_coat = Escudo de Espań”®°ng |
19: leader_titles = [[Kings of Spain|King]]<br>[[President of the Government of Spain|Pres. of the Gov.]] ...
20: leader_names = [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos I]]... - Eli Whitney (3270 bytes)
2: '''Eli Whitney''' ([[December 8]], [[1765]] - [[January 8]], [[1825]]) wa...
8: ==Invention and innovation==
14: ...ecome more sustainable at a critical point in its development.
16: ...to understand and reproduce that the concepts and designs were readily duplicated by others. Whitney'...
20: ===Other innovations=== - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...s ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the invention is used here.
60: * [[Odometer]] : [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]: [[Archimedes]]?
66: ...ntury BC|200s BC]]: Compound [[pulley]]: [[Archimedes]]
74: * [[1st century]]: [[Rudder|Stern mounted rudder]] in [[History of China|China]]
83: * [[9th century|800s]]: [[Black powder|Gunpowder]] in [[History of China|China]] - Roaring Twenties (28131 bytes)
1: ...onomic boom|boom]] and accelerated [[consumer]] [[demand]] and aspirations, coupled with significant c...
3: ...the second half of this decade was termed "The Golden Twenties". In France and Canada they were also c...
5: ...s were cultivated in [[jazz]] and [[dancing]], in defiance of the horrors of the First World War, whic...
8: ... [[1920]]s were setting the stage for the [[Great Depression]] that would dominate the [[1930]]s.
10: ===Demobilization=== - Astronomy (13970 bytes)
3: ...ed near the center of the [[Far side (Moon)|far side]] of Earth's Moon, its diameter is about 58 miles...
5: ...d with [[astrology]], which assumes that people's destiny and human affairs in general are correlated ...
8: ...rns itself much more with trying to observe and understand the actual physical nature of celestial obj...
10: ... and involves working with computer or analytic models.
12: ...er ways. Categorization by the region of space under study (e.g., Galactic astronomy, Planetary Scien... - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
2: ...ain]] industry) reaching unprecedented heights. Under Ming rule, a vast [[navy]] and [[army]] was buil...
6: ...ful of the various [[Han Chinese]] groups and Zhu declared the foundation of the Ming Dynasty in [[136...
8: ...zu]] of the [[Han Dynasty]]; [[Mao Zedong]] and [[Deng Xiaoping]] are the two other peasant revolution...
10: ... since the Mongols were still a threat. As an aside, the name Hongwu means "Vast Military" and reflec...
12: ...hina|Yongle Emperor]], independent peasant landholders predominated in Chinese agriculture. - American football (39287 bytes)
1: :''For details of the origins and development of American football, see the [[history ...
3: ...d usually has a large set of stitches along one side.]]
7: Outside of the United States and Canada, the sport is ref...
13: ...an [[United States Air Force Academy|Air Force Academy]] player tries to thwart his progress.]]
15: ...jpg|thumb|250px|American football is a physically demanding sport.]] - Medieval architecture (3180 bytes)
2: ...mage:RH7_4_9725_W.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Photo provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
6: The [[Latin cross]] plan takes as its model the Roman [[Basilica]]. It consists of a ''[[nav...
11: ... art it describes but rather is an invention of modern scholarship based on its similarity to Roman Ar...
16: ...ark of the [[Gothic style]]. Such new elements of design allowed cathedrals to rise taller than ever, ...
18: [[Image:Middle_ages3.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar... - Medieval music (31843 bytes)
2: ...s4.jpg|thumb|200px|Medieval Musicians. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
9: ...implicity of chant, with unison voice and natural declamation, is most common.
11: ...multiple texts and instrumental accompaniment has developed by the end of the era.
14: ...musical notation|notation]] was a relatively late development, reconstruction of this music, especiall...
17: ...ic of the 13th century uses the rhythmic modes as defined by Garlandia. - Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
3: ... and [[businessman]] who developed many important devices. "The Wizard of [[Menlo Park, New Jersey|Men...
5: ... Nevertheless, Edison received [[patent]]s worldwide, including the [[United States]], [[United Kingdo...
10: ...ing near Vienna, Ontario. Among them was Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr., a shingle maker, tailor, and tavern...
12: ...MacKenzie Rebellion]] that sought Canadian independence. The revolt failed and, like his grandfather,...
14: From [[Port Huron]], Sam Edison moved to [[Detroit]], then [[Peru, Ohio]], and finally to [[Mil... - Politics (7193 bytes)
2: ... group interactions including [[corporate]], [[academic]], and [[religious]].
6: One theorist, [[Harold Lasswell]], has defined politics as "who gets what, when, and how."
9: ...tion of human associations. Hobbes described an ideal [[state of nature]] wherein every person had eq...
11:
14: ...rs), taxation, and writing. All of which require densely populated settlements - cities.
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