Lamiales
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The Order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. The name Scrophulariales was often used instead of Lamiales. Since both the family Lamiaceae and family Scrophulariaceae are placed within the same order by cladistically-oriented taxonomists, either name may be used. However, in cladistic nomenclature, the Lamioid clade is a more basal clade than the Scrophularioid clade, and for this reason the AGP II and many taxonomists prefer Lamiales as the proper name for this order.
Under the older Cronquist system of classification, the Lamiales included the families Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Boraginaceae, and Lennoaceae. Many of the other families listed below were placed in the Order Scrophulariales. Inclusion of all the following families is typical of newer classifications:
Species in the order Lamiales show typically the following characteristics :
- the flowers have bilaterally symmetrical, bilabiate corollas
- five petals
- superior ovary composed of two fused carpels.
There are about 11,000 species in the Lamiales. They are divided among 10 or more families (Uni-Ham 52e (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm) 2002-09-06):
- Family Lamiaceae (mint family)
- 200 genera, 3200 species (according to Gleason & Cronquist) Placed in this order by cladists.
- Family Verbenaceae (verbena family)
- Family Scrophulariaceae (figwort family)
- about 190 genera and about 4000 species. According to the AGP II this family is to be recircumscribed to include Buddlejaceae and Myoporaceae and exclude several former members; these are assigned to Calceolariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Phrymaceae and Plantaginaceae
- Family Myoporaceae
- 3 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Orobanchaceae (broomrape family)
- 5 genera. Not listed in Uni-Ham; used to be included in Scrophulariaceae. (siu.edu (http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Relation-Scroph.html) 2002-09-06)
- Family Acanthaceae (acanthus family)
- about 250 genera and about 2500 species. Uni-Ham acanth (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/acanth.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Pedaliacae (pedalium family)
- 17 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Bignoniaceae (trumpet creeper family)
- about 100 genera and about 800 species (Uni-Ham bignoni (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/bignoni.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family)
- 3 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Plantaginaceae (plantago family) (includes the former Globulariaceae)
- Family Paulowniaceae
- Family Martyniaceae
- Family Byblidaceae
- Family Phrymaceae
- Family Schlegeliaceae
- Family Stilbaceae
- Family Tetrachondraceae
- Family Carlemanniaceae
- Family Gesneriaceae (gesneria family)
- about 140 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm) 2002-09-06), about 2500 species (Uni-Ham 52e (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm) 2002-09-06)
- Family Calceolariaceae (slipper flowers)
- Family Tetrachondraceae
- Family Oleaceae (olive family)
- about 25 genera (Kew Oleaceae (http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/cgi-bin/web.dbs/genlist.pl?OLEACEAE) 2002-09-06) and about 600 species (ole (http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/ole.htm) 2002-09-06). Sometimes found under Gentianales.
- Family Plocospermataceae
References
- http://www.itis.usda.gov of 2002-05-31 TSN: 500018
- http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/hydrosta.htm, 2005-01-13
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/vascular/acanth.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52e.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/d52/52efam.htm 2002-09-06
- http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Relation-Scroph.html
- http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/web.dbs/genlist.html 2002-09-06da:Læbeblomst-ordenen (Lamiales)