Robert Erskine Childers
|
|
| Contents |
Overview
Robert Erskine Childers (June 25 1870 - November 24, 1922) was an author and Irish nationalist who was executed by the authorities of the newly independent Irish Free State during the Irish Civil War. He was the son of British Orientalist scholar Robert Caesar Childers; the cousin of Hugh Childers and Robert Barton; and the father of the fourth President of Ireland, Erskine Hamilton Childers.
Early Life
Childers was born into a Protestant family in Glenalough, Ireland. His father was English and his mother Irish, but he was orphaned as a child and raised by an uncle in County Wicklow, Ireland. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge and after graduation took a job in 1895 as a clerk in the House of Commons. He was an enthusiastic yachtsman, owning several boats during his life and sailing them regularly. At this point in his career he was a supporter of the British Empire.
Military career
On the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899 he volunteered for action, serving as an officer in the City Imperial Volunteers, Honourable Artillery Company. He was wounded in South Africa and invalided back to Britain. On his return he wrote the novel The Riddle of the Sands which was published in 1903. Based on his own sailing trips along the German coast, it predicted war with Germany and called for British preparedness. It has been called the first spy novel (a position challenged by Rudyard Kipling's Kim, that came out two years earlier), and enjoyed immense popularity in the years before World War I. It was an extremely influential book: Winston Churchill later credited it as a major reason that the Admiralty decided to establish naval bases at Invergordon, the Firth of Forth and Scapa Flow.
In 1903, Childers visited the United States. There he met and married Mollie Osgood, who shared his love of sailing.
He wrote Volume V of the Times' History of the War in South Africa (1907), which drew attention to British errors in that war and praised the tactics of the Boer guerrillas. He also wrote two books on cavalry warfare based on his experiences, War and the Arme Blanche (1910) and the German Influence on British Cavalry (1911). Both books were strongly critical of the British Army.
Home Rule
Around this time Childers became increasingly attracted to Irish Nationalism and became an advocate of Home Rule. He resigned his post at the House of Commons in 1910 in order to campaign for this cause, writing The Form and Purpose of Home Rule in 1912. In July 1914 he and his wife even smuggled German arms to Howth, Dublin, in their yacht - days before the outbreak of World War I. These weapons would later arm Irish Republicans during the Easter Rising of 1916. This had been organised in response to the Larne gun-running of the Ulster Volunteer Force.
With the start of War Childers joined the Royal Navy as an Intelligence Officer and was active in the North Sea and the Dardanelles. He was awarded the DSO and promoted to Lieutenant Commander in 1916.
However the violent suppression of the Easter Rising had angered Childers, and after the War he moved to Dublin to become fully involved in the struggle against British rule. He joined Sinn Féin, forming a close association with Eamon de Valera and Michael Collins.
In 1919 he was made Director of Publicity for the First Irish Parliament and represented the Irish nationalists at the Versailles conference in Paris. In 1920 Childers published Military Rule in Ireland, a strong attack on British policy. In 1921 he was elected to the Irish Parliament as member for Wicklow and published the pamphlet Is Ireland a Danger to England?, which attacked the British prime minister, David Lloyd George. He became editor of the Irish Bulletin after the arrest of Desmond FitzGerald.
Civil War and Death
Childers was secretary-general of the Irish delegation that negotiated the Anglo-Irish Treaty with the British government, but he was vehemently opposed to the final draft of the agreement, particularly the clauses that required Irish leaders to swear fidelity to the Crown. The Treaty bitterly divided Sinn Féin, and Ireland slipped into civil war. Soon Childers was regarded as a traitor not merely by the British, but by the pro-Treaty government in Dublin.
Said to be the inspiration behind the Republican terrorist tactics, Childers was hunted by Free State soldiers and had to travel secretly. In November 1922 he was arrested by Free State forces at his home, Glendalough, in County Wicklow, while travelling to meet De Valera. He was court-martialled because he was carrying an automatic pistol, which, ironically, had been given to him by Michael Collins, and was one of the first to be sentenced to death under the Free State’s Emergency Powers legislation. He was executed by firing squad at the Beggar's Bush Barracks in Dublin.
His last words were a joke at the expense of his executioners: "Take a step or two forward, lads. It will be easier that way."
Winston Churchill, on hearing of his capture, expressed a common British view of Childers: "No man has done more harm or done more genuine malice or endeavoured to bring a greater curse upon the common people of Ireland than this strange being, actuated by a deadly and malignant hatred for the land of his birth."