Richard Norman Shaw
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Richard Norman Shaw (Edinburgh May 7, 1831 – London November 17, 1912), was the most influential British architect from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings.
He trained in the London office of William Burn and with George Edmund Street and attended the Royal Academy classes, receiving a thorough grounding in classicism and met William Eden Nesfield, with whom he was briefly in partnership. In 1854 - 1856 he travelled with a Royal Academy scholarship, collecting sketches that were published as Architectural Sketches from the Continent, 1858.
In 1863, after sixteen years of training, he opened a practise, for a short time with Nesfield. In 1872 Mr Shaw was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy, and a full member in 1877.
Besides the large country houses he is associated with, he also built and restored several churches, the best known of which are St Johns Church, Leeds; St Margarets, Ilkley, and All Saints, Leek.
His picturesque early country houses avoided the current Neo-Gothic and the academic styles, reviving vernacular materials like half timber and hanging tiles, with projecting gables and tall massive chimneys with "inglenooks" for warm seating. The result was free and fresh, not slavishly imitating his Jacobean and vernacular models, yet warmly familiar, a parallel to the Arts and Crafts movement. Richard Norman Shaw's houses soon attracted the misnomer the "Queen Anne style". As he developed, he dropped some of the mannered detailing As his powers developed, his buildings gained in dignity, and had an air of serenity and a quiet homely charm which were less conspicuous in his earlier works; the. half timber was more sparingly used, and finally disappeared entirely.
His work is characterised by ingenious open planning, the Great Hall or "sitting hall," with a staircase running up the side that became familiar in mass-producing housing of the 1890s.
Some of R. Norman Shaw's buildings
- Leyswood, at Groombridge, Kent, England, 1866 - 1869;
- Cragside, at Rothbury, Northumberland, England, 1869/1870 to 1885.
- Preen Manor, Shropshire;
- New Zealand Chambers, Leadenhall Street, London, (c 1870 - 80);
- Pierrepont, Wispers, and Merrist Wood, in Surrey;
- Lowther Lodge, Kensington, London 1873 - 1875;
- Old Swan House, 17 Chelsea Embankment, London, 1875 to 1877
- Bedford Park, London, the first "garden city" suburban development: housing, including St Michael and All Angels Church, 1879 - 1882;
- Albert Hall Mansions, at Kensington Gore, London, England, 1879 to 1886.
- Adcote, Little Ness, Shropshire, 1876 - 1881;
- Savoy Theatre, London, 1881.
- small London houses at Kensington, Chelsea, and Hampstead;
- Flete House, Devonshire;
- Greenham Lodge, Berkshire;
- Dawpool, Cheshire;
- Bryanstone, Dorset;
- Chesters, Northumberland;
- New Scotland Yard, on the Thames Embankment, London, 1887 - 1900 (now known as the Norman Shaw buildings and used as Parliamentary offices);
- Piccadilly Hotel, Piccadilly Circus, London, England, 1905 to 1908; his last work.
External links
- Great Buildings on-line: (http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Richard_Norman_Shaw.html) Richard Norman Shaw
- Illustrations of Adcote (http://hanser.ceat.okstate.edu/6083/richard_norman_shaw.htm)
Reference
Andrew Saint, Richard Norman Shaw, 1976 ISBN 0300019556ja:リチャード・ノーマン・ショウ