List of Spanish monarchs

Template:History of Spain This is a list of Spanish monarchs - that is, rulers of united Spain. The forerunners of the Spanish throne were the following:

• Kings of the Visigoths
• Caliphs of Cordoba
• Kings of Aragon and Counts of Barcelona
• Kings of Castile and Leon and monarchs of Asturias
• Kings of Navarre

These lineages were eventually united by the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. Although their kingdoms continued to be separate, with their personal union they ruled them together as one dominion. Ferdinand also conquered the southern part of Navarre and annexed it to Spain. Isabella left her kingdom to her daughter Joanna. Ferdinand served as her regent during her insanity; though rebuffed by the Castilian nobility and replaced with Joanna's husband Philip I of Castile, he resumed his regency after Philip's death. Joanna's son, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, succeeded her on the throne of Castile; and he also succeeded his grandfather Ferdinand on the Aragonese throne when Ferdinand died in 1516; thereafter the thrones were united.

Contents

1 Kings, Queens of Spain: 1.1 House of Habsburg / House of Austria 1.2 House of Bourbon 1.3 House of Bonaparte 1.4 House of Bourbon (first restoration) 1.5 House of Savoy 1.6 House of Bourbon (second restoration) 1.7 House of Bourbon (third restoration) 1.8 Notes 2 See also

Kings, Queens of Spain:

There are four alternative moments (and three different persons) where the Kingship of Spain is regarded to begin:

• in 1479, when Ferdinand, already King Consort of Castile as husband of Isabel I of Castile, inherits Kingdom of Aragon at his father John II of Aragon's death. However, after this, the kingdoms became separate shortly, as Juana la Loca and Philip of Austria inherited Castile in 1504, but Aragon remained Ferdinand's; he even married again and had he produced a son, that son would have taken precedence in Aragon and kept that country separate in the future.

• in 1516, when the future Emperor Charles V became the King of Aragon (after his grandfather Ferdinand) and guardian as well as co-king of Castile, in conjunction with his mother Juana la Loca who was incapable to rule. However, the old "Hispania" was not yet united, as Portugal yet was independent. And in Castile, Charles was not the sole monarch, only in Aragon.

• in 1555 at the death of Juana, when Charles (already the sole King of Aragon) became also sole king of Castile, being elevated to full kingship in Castile after some four decades of "co-kingship". However, the old "Hispania" was not yet united, as Portugal yet was independent.

• in 1580, when at the moment of personal union between Portugal and all other Iberian monarchies, it is said the old Hispania, Spain, became a united realm. Charles's son Philip II of Spain who already was King of Castile and Aragon (directly from his father) also became King of Portugal, and no longer there was any other monarchy in the Iberian Peninsula. Latter, in 1640, Portugal separated from this, but Spain did not at all resign its name which meanwhile had been firmly established.

House of Habsburg / House of Austria

The House of Habsburg (or "of Austria", as it was known in Spain) descended from Charles I of Spain (who was also the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). He left behind a Spanish monarchy that also, for some time, retained control of the Netherlands; however, the title of Holy Roman Emperor did not pass to these Spanish monarchs.

• Carlos I, a.k.a. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor: 23 January 1516 - 16 January 1556
• Felipe II: 16 January 1556 - 13 September 1598, 1580 Portugal was joined to the union
• Felipe III: 13 September 1598 - 31 March 1621
• Felipe IV: 31 March 1621 - 17 September 1665
• Carlos II: 17 September 1665 - 1 November 1700¹

House of Bourbon

The Spanish kings of the House of Bourbon were descended from the French royal family.

• Felipe V: 16 November 1700 - 14 January 1724
• Luis I: 14 January - 31 August 1724²
• Felipe V (restored): 6 September 1724 - 9 July 1746
• Fernando VI: 9 July 1746 - 10 August 1759
• Carlos III: 10 August 1759 - 14 December 1788
• Carlos IV: 14 December 1788 - 19 March 1808
• Fernando VII: 19 March - 6 May 1808³
• Carlos IV (restored): 6 May 1808⁴

House of Bonaparte

See also Bonaparte.

• José I Napoleón: 6 June 1808-11 December 1813⁵

House of Bourbon (first restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

• Fernando VII: 11 December 1813 - 29 September 1833
• Isabel II: 29 September 1833 - 30 September 1868⁶

House of Savoy

See also House of Savoy.

• Amadeo I: 2 January 1871 - 11 February 1873

First Spanish Republic 1873-1874

House of Bourbon (second restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

• Alfonso XII: 29 December 1874 - 25 November 1885⁷
• Alfonso XIII: 17 May 1886 - 14 April 1931

Second Spanish Republic 1931-1939

rule of Francisco Franco 1939-1975⁸

House of Bourbon (third restoration)

See also House of Bourbon.

• Juan Carlos I: 22 November 1975 -

Notes

¹ There was a brief interregnum following Carlos II's death, during which the decision of the Duc d'Anjou as to whether he would accept the Spanish throne was awaited.
² There was a short interregnum following the death of King Luis before his father resumed the throne.
³ Throughout much of Spain, Fernando's abdication was not recognized to be valid, having been given under duress. The Supreme Governing Junta established on 25 September 1808, which was recognized as the legitimate government of Spain by Britain, Portugal, and other governments, continued to recognize Fernando as King.
⁴ Following Carlos IV's second abdication, there was a month long interregnum, during which Marshal Joachim Murat ruled Spain as Lieutenant-General and Governor of the Realm.
⁵ This was Napoleon's brother Joseph. He was not universally recognized as King, and following the Bourbon restoration, his acts were largely considered to have been invalid.
⁶ Following Isabel's abdication, there was a more than two year interregnum, during which time the government sought a new monarch from abroad.
⁷ Following Alfonso XII's death, there was a regency. as the crown was in abeyance awaiting the finalization of who would be the heir, until the birth of his posthumous son Alfonso XIII. Were the child a daughter, the next monarch would have been Alfonso XII's eldest daughter, who at that time was known as Infanta Dona Maria Mercedes, Princess of the Asturias. The mother of the children, Maria Cristina, was Regent.
⁸In 1947, Franco proclaimed the restoration of the monarchy, but did not allow the pretender, the Count of Barcelona, to take the throne.

See also

• Kings of Spain family tree
• Line of Succession to the Spanish Throne
• Spanish monarchyde:Liste der Staatsoberhäupter und Ministerpräsidenten von Spanien

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