Pope Boniface IV
|
|
Boniface IV (ca. 550 – May 25 615) was pope from 608 to his death.
Son of John, a physician, a Marsian from the province and town of Valeria; he succeeded Boniface III after a vacancy of over nine months. He was consecrated on either 25 August (Duchesne) or 15 September ([[Jaff靝) in 608. His death is listed as either 8 May or 25 May, 615 by these two authorities.
In the time of Pope Gregory I, he was a deacon of the Roman Church and held the position of dispensator, that is, the first official in connection with the administration of the patrimonies.
Boniface obtained leave from the Emperor Phocas to convert the Pantheon into a Christian Church, and on May 13 609 (?) the temple erected by Agrippa to Jupiter the Avenger, to Venus, and to Mars was consecrated by the pope to the Virgin Mary and all the Martyrs. It was the first instance at Rome of the transformation of a pagan temple into a place of Christian worship. Twenty-eight cartloads of sacred bones were said to have been removed from the Catacombs and placed in a porphyry basin beneath the high altar.
During the pontificate of Boniface, Mellitus, the first Bishop of London, went to Rome "to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church" (Bede, H. E., II, iv). While in Rome he assisted at a council then being held concerning certain questions on "the life and monastic peace of monks", and, on his departure, took with him to England the decree of the council together with letters from the pope to Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury, and to all the clergy, to King Ethelbert, and to all the English people "concerning what was to be observed by the Church of England". The decrees of the council now extant are spurious. The letter to Ethelbert (in William of Malmesbury, De Gest. Pont., I, 1464, ed. Migne) is considered spurious by Hefele (Conciliengeschichte, III, 66), questionable by Haddan and Stubbs (Councils, III, 65), and genuine by Jaff頛Regest. RR. PP., 1988 (1548)].
Between 612 and 615, the Irish missionary Saint Columban, then living at Bobbio in Italy, was persuaded by Agilulf, King of the Lombards, to address a letter on the condemnation of the "Three Chapters" to Boniface IV, which is remarkable at once for its expressions of exaggerated deference and its tone of excessive sharpness.
"You have already erred, O Rome! — fatally, foully erred. No longer do you shine as a star in the apostolic firmament," Columban wrote.
In it he tells the pope that he is charged with heresy for accepting the Fifth Ecumenical Council (the Second Council of Constantinople in 553), and exhorts him to summon a council and prove his orthodoxy. Despite Columban's letter, it seems not to have disturbed in the least his relation with the Holy See, and it would be wrong to suppose that Columban regarded himself as independent of the pope's authority.
During the pontificate of Boniface there was much distress in Rome owing to famine, pestilence, and inundations. The pontiff died in monastic retirement (he had converted his own house into a monastery) and was buried in the portico of St. Peter's Basilica. His remains were three times removed — in the tenth or eleventh century, at the close of the thirteenth under Boniface VIII, and to the new St. Peter's on 21 October, 1603.
Boniface IV is commemorated as a saint in the Roman Martyrology on his feast day, 25 May.
During Boniface's reign, the Prophet Muhammad began to preach in Mecca, forming the basis of Islam.
References
- Bede. Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
- Gasquet, Francis Aidan. A Short History of the Catholic Church in England, 19
- Gregorovius, Ferdinand. II, 104
- Hunt, William. The English Church from Its Foundation to the Norman Conquest. Vol. 1. "A History of the English Church", W. R. W. Stephens and William Hunt, ed. London: Macmillan and Co., 1901. 42
- Jaff鬠Regesta Pontificum Romanorum ab condita ecclesia ad annum 1198. Berlin, 1851; 2d ed., Leipsic, 1881-88. I, 220
- Langen, 501
- Liber Pontificalis (ed. Duchesne), I, 317
- Mann, Horace K. Lives of the Popes I, 268-279
- Mansi, Gian Domenico. X, 501
- Paul the Deacon, History of the Longobards, IV, 36 (37)
This article incorporates text from the public domain Catholic Encyclopedia.
External links
- Biography (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02660c.htm) from the Catholic Encyclopedia
- Biography (http://www.cfpeople.org/Books/Pope/POPEp67.htm) from CFPeople.org
| Preceded by: Boniface III | Pope 608–615 | Succeeded by: Adeodatus I |