Open content
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Open content, coined by analogy with "open source," (though technically it is actually share-alike) describes any kind of creative work including articles, pictures, audio, and video that is published in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the information. Content can be either in the public domain or under a license like the GNU Free Documentation License. "Open content" is also sometimes used to describe content that can be modified by anyone; there is no closed group like a commercial encyclopedia publisher responsible for all the editing.
It's possible that the first documented case of Open Content was with the Royal Society, where they aspired toward information sharing across the globe as a public enterprise. The commonality is difficult to dismiss. The words "open content" were first put together in this context by David Wiley, then a graduate student at BYU, who founded the OpenContent project and put together the first content-specific (non-software) license in 1998 with input from Eric Raymond, Tim O'Reilly, and others.
Like the debate between the titles "open source" and "free software", open content materials can also be described as free content, although technically they describe different things. For example, the Open Directory is open content but is not free content. The main difference between licenses is the definition of freedom; some licenses attempt to maximize the freedom of all potential recipients in the future while others maximize the freedom of the initial recipient. Much of the ideals of the open source movement was led by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). One such application is their famed Open Courseware (see below).
The related term common content is occasionally used to refer to Creative Commons-licensed works. This takes after the Common Content project, which is an attempt to collect as many such works as possible.
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Open content projects (in alphabetical order)
- Aozora Bunko - free digital Japanese books
- Asian Open Source Centre [1] (http://www.asiaosc.org/) - contains an open content GFDL wiki on open source [2] (http://www.asiaosc.org/enwiki/)
- The Assayer (http://theassayer.org) - catalogs free-information books and accepts user-submitted reviews
- Authorama Public Domain Books (http://www.authorama.com) - XHTML+CSS public domain books with Wiki-style annotation system for unregistered users
- BerliOS [3] (http://openfacts.berlios.de/index-en.phtml?title=Main_Page)
- Bitzi - free community-built catalog of digital files
- Bruce Perens' Open Source Series [4] (http://perens.com/Books/) - Books about Linux and other Open Source software
- California Open Source Textbook Project [5] (http://www.opensourcetext.org) - K-12 textbooks and other curriculum materials
- Common Content [6] (http://commoncontent.org/) - open catalog of Creative Commons licensed content
- Connexions Repository [7] (http://cnx.rice.edu/content/) - Rice University's course material
- Creative Commons
- Eldritch Press [8] (http://www.eldritchpress.org/) - books
- ExtinctionLevelEvent.com - Open Content Web Comic [9] (http://www.extinctionlevelevent.com/)
- Free High School Science Texts (http://www.nongnu.org/fhsst) (FHSST) is a project to create free science textbooks to help reduce textbook costs especially in 3rd world and developing countries
- Freemages [10] (http://www.freemages.net/) A photo gallery high resolution photos under Free Licence (LAL www.artlibre.org).
- Freematrix Web radio project - A long running experiment with open content and open source web radio technology.
- FreeMedia [11] (http://web2.unt.edu/weblibrary/freemedi/gallery/index.php) - stock photos from the University of North Texas
- GrokDoc [12] (http://grokdoc.net) - Usability study of GNU/Linux newbies
- Jake [13] (http://jake-db.org/) - Research software and database where content is built in an open source way
- GNUtemberg [14] (http://www.gnutemberg.org/) in Italian.
- ibiblio [15] (http://www.ibiblio.org/)
- Libre Society [16] (http://www.libresociety.org/) - open culture site
- Linux documentation project [17] (http://www.tldp.org/) - Content project to develop documentation for Linux
- LOCA Records [18] (http://www.locarecords.com/) - open content record label
- Magnatune [19] (http://www.magnatune.com/) - open content record label
- Mediaweapon [20] (http://mediaweapon.net/) - open content for the practise of political transparency in revolutionary theory
- Mieliestronk [21] (http://www.mieliestronk.com/) - open content with general, educational, comic and entertainment information in Afrikaans
- MOAK47 [22] (http://moak47.net/) - open content for the production and reproduction of a collaborative, resistant culture.
- Narod sobe [23] (http://www.narod-sobe.cz/) - czech language free project Narod sobe - means Nation to itself
- Nupedia [24] (http://www.nupedia.com) - peer-reviewed encyclopedia
- Opart [25] (http://www.opart.org) - Open art pool
- Open Clip Art Library [26] (http://www.openclipart.org/) - the open clip art library.
- Opencode [27] (http://eon.law.harvard.edu/opencode) - consortium for open research and content
- OpenContent [28] (http://www.opencontent.org) - open source licensing scheme for information content
- Open Content for Education [29] (http://www.life-open-content.org/)
- Open Directory Project [30] (http://dmoz.org) - web directory like Yahoo!.
- Open-education.org [31] (http://www.open-education.org) - Portal and advocacy-site for collaborative creation of Open Content Educational materials.
- Open Gaming Center (http://open-gaming-center.com) - an open content experiment to create a games and gaming encyclopedia
- Openlaw [32] (http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw) - Experiment in the open crafting of legal arguments
- Open Music Registry [33] (http://www.openmusicregistry.org) - Open sharing of music using an Open Audio License / site closed down
- Open Photo [34] (http://openphoto.net/) - stock photos
- Open-Songs (http://www.open-songs.com) - Free, Royalty Free MP3's / new link: Copacetix (http://copacetix.com/music.php)
- Opsound [35] (http://www.opsound.org/opsound.html) - Open sound pool, a record label.
- OYEZ [36] (http://www.oyez.org/oyez/resource/nitf/273/) - US Supreme Court multimedia
- Pickings.de (http://www.pickings.de/) (daily news review)
- Prelinger Archives [37] (http://www.archive.org/movies/prelinger.php) - government and advertising films
- Project Gutenberg [38] (http://www.gutenberg.net)
- PlanetMath [39] (http://planetmath.org/) - Math for the people, by the people.
- Sodipodi Clipart [40] (http://www.sodipodi.com/index.php3?section=clipart) - a large collection of flags of the world, and other clipart
- SourceWatch [41] (http://www.sourcewatch.org/) (formerly Disinfopedia)
- Wikimedia [42] (http://www.wikimedia.org/)
- Wikitravel [48] (http://www.wikitravel.org/article/Main_Page) - travel guide (not part of Wikimedia)
- Woochi - Wine Encyclopaedia
- World66 [49] (http://www.world66.com) - An open content travel guide
- World Lecture Hall [50] (http://www.utexas.edu/world/lecture/) - Online course materials
- The Worldwide Lexicon
Related topics, not open content
- MIT OpenCourseWare [51] (http://ocw.mit.edu/index.html) is not open-content material by the definition above, since copyrights remain with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or members of its faculty.
Licenses
- Creative Commons License (11 versions)
- Design Science License
- GNU Free Documentation License
- Open Content License
- Open Directory Project License used by Open Directory Project
- Open Game License - License of the Open Gaming Foundation, as drafted by Wizards of the Coast.
- Open Publication License - License for the Open Content Project
See also
collaborative writing, copyleft, free content, free software movement, open access, open source culture, public domain, public domain image resources, public domain resources, semi-public domain resources.
External links
- alqua.com, Free documents (http://alqua.com)
- Creative Commons - The open content idea and creative works (http://www.creativecommons.org)
- Design Science License (http://www.dsl.org/copyleft/dsl.txt)
- This Google search (http://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Permission+is+granted+to+copy%22+%22GNU+Free+Documentation+License%22+&btnG=Google+Search) attempts to find documents with GFDL license grant boilerplate.
- Guide to Open Content Licenses, Lawrence Liang, a systematic survey of open content licenses (http://pzwart.wdka.hro.nl/mdr/pubsfolder/opencontent/)
- Open Access Bibliography: Liberating Scholarly Literature with E-Prints and Open Access Journals (http://info.lib.uh.edu/cwb/oab.pdf)
- ibiblio - The open content idea as a library (http://www.ibiblio.org)
- Licenses for Documentation at gnu.org (http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses)
- locarecords.com, Open Source Record Label (http://www.locarecords.com)
- OpenContent.org (http://www.opencontent.org/)
- "Open Content Licenses," Jan Newmarch, http://jan.netcomp.monash.edu.au (http://jan.netcomp.monash.edu.au/opendoc/paper.html)
- Open Content resources and mailing list at OpenContentList.com (http://www.opencontentlist.com/resources)
- Open directory category: Open Content (http://dmoz.org/Computers/Open_Source/Open_Content/)
- Public Library of Science (http://plos.org/)
- Read Print (http://www.readprint.com) - includes many free public domain books
- Writings - Open Content (http://www.pvl.at/about/team/thomas_hassan/presentations/) - speech on Open Content with relation to DRM
Credit
The list of open content projects are partly based on The Institutional Design of Open Source Programming (http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue8_1/schweik/index.html) on Firstmonday
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