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The Norteños (Spanish for "northerners"), also called Nuestra Familia (Our Family), are a coalition of Hispanic gangs in North America, based in northern California. A member of these gangs is a norteño (male), norteña (female), or simply "northerner"; based on Spanish usage, these names are usually not capitalized when referring to individual members. Mexican Americans who are not gang members, but feel a strong cultural affiliation with others in northern California, may also call themselves norteños or norteñas.
As with all prison gangs we may not have the full inside information. Currently (may 2005) the names are: Nortenos- those hispanics who are full members of the gang. Northerners- hispanics who live or reside in Norther California North- persons of other races who assist or are called upon for help.
The dividing line between Norteno and Surenos has been traditionally Bakersfield, California. However with most of the Norteno "generals" in Federal custody the Surenos are moving their claim north.
Nortenos wear red, while Surenos (gang) wear blue. Although Crips (gang) are blue and Bloods (gang) are red, Nortenos are friends with Crips. Their enemies are the Surenos and Bloods.
Shooting occurs sometimes when one gang and a different gang argues, and many die. When a leader of a gang dies, the closest relative usually becomes the leader.
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History
In the late 1960s, Mexican-American inmates of the California state prison system began to separate into two rival groups, Norteños (north) and Sureños (south), according to the locations of their home towns; the north-south dividing line was near Bakersfield. Part of the motivation for the split was the desire of the Norteños to be independent of "La Eme", a.k.a. the Mexican Mafia. "La Eme" is the biggest, strongest, most notorious prison gang in the west coast and surrounding states, which tends to treat the Chicano inmates from the north worse than those closer to the United States-Mexico border. Norteños continue to have violent territorial rivalries with Chicano gangs, while the Sureños are affiliated with La Eme.
The group developed a formal structure in 1968, with a written constitution, under the leadership of Folsom State Prison inmate Robert Rios "Babo" Sosa. Its current hierarchy is based in Pelican Bay State Prison. It has developed offshoots throughout the United States and in Europe.
As with many other gangs, Norteños have been involved in trafficking of drugs and contraband, and armed conflict with other gangs and with police. According to police investigators, a requirement for full membership in Nuestra Familia is committing at least one murder for the gang.
Federal law enforcement agencies, long unable to infiltrate the group, began to step up their investigations in the late 1990s. In 2000 and 2001, 22 members were indicted on racketeering charges, including several who were allegedly serving as high-ranking gang leaders while confined in Pelican Bay. Thirteen of the defendants pleaded guilty; the other cases are still ongoing. Two of the defendants face the death penalty for ordering murders related to the drug trade. The largest of the federal investigations, Operation Black Widow, caused controversy when it became public that some gang members were serving as FBI informants while still continuing to organize violent crimes.
Symbols and culture
Norteño emblems and clothing are based on the color red; a typical norteño outfit might include red belts, red shoes, and red shoelaces. They also favor brand-name clothing such as Tommy Hilfiger, Polo, Ecko, and Nautica, in red, white, and black. The use of red by Norteños and blue by Sureños supposedly derives from the standard-issue bandanas in California prisons, which were only available in those colors.
Their number, sometimes used in tattoos, is 14 (sometimes written as "X4", or in Roman numerals as "XIV"), since N is the fourteenth letter of the alphabet. The corresponding Sureño number is 13. The Nortenos sometimes tattoo 4 dots on themselves, while their foes (Surenos) tattoo three dots.
Norteños also lay claim to images of Chicano youth culture, such as lowrider cars, and of the Mexican-American labor movement, such as the sombrero, machete, and Huegla bird eagle symbols of the United Farm Workers. At the same time that norteños were first organizing in prisons and calling for liberation from the Mexican mafia, the UFW and its leader César Chávez were folk heroes and symbols of liberation to many Mexican-American youth, including some gang members who had met Chávez when he was imprisoned for his union work.
Below is a list of rules found by a Deputy Sheriff inside the Santa Rita Jail in Alameda County, California. This gives some insight into the inner workings of the gang. This entire letter was written on a 2X3 card in "micro-writing" (letters being less than a few millimeters big) This is a trademark of many prison gangs.
Spelling errors and grammar are those of the writer.
GREETINGS MI RAZA! THE ENCLOSED H.H.P'S (HOUSEHOLD POLACIES) HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED AND WILL BE ENFORCED THROUGHOUT "ALL OF SANTA RITA"FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF INSTILLING SELF DISCIPLINE, CONFIDANCE, AND FOREMOST SECURITY WITHIN OUR RANKS..IT IS IMPARITIVE THAT WE ALL AS A CLOSE KNIT RAZA RECOGNISE TO THE FULLEST OUR OVERALL RESPONSIBILITY'S BY UPHOLDING OUR HIGH STANDARDS IN CONDUCTING ONE SELF IN ACCORDANCE TO OUR SET GUILDELINES..AS OF BEING N.S WE WILL ACKNOWLEDGE AND RESPECT THESE POLICIES; NEVERTHELESS NOT FALTERING OUR WILL TO NOTHING LESS WITHIN THESE SET GUIDELINES..UPPON COMPLETION OF READ-ING AND GRASPING THE TRUE MEANING OF SAID POLACIES YOU WILL THEN, AND ONLY THEN BE CLEARED TO FUNCTION ON THE SAME LEVEL OF DISCIPLINE AND AWARENESS AS ALL BROTHERS RESIDEING HERE IN "SANTA RITA"..NOW, FOR SOME ODD REASON OR ANOTHER ONE CAN NOT MEET SAID REQUIREMENTS/GUIDELINES FOR HIS OWN SELFISH REASONS HE WILL REPORT IT TO HIS CHANNEL IMIDIATELY AND THE RIGHT PROCEDURES WILL BE TAKEN TO BETTER HELP FACILITATE HIS NEEDS. - ..."HENCEFORTH".... 1. OUR N. PROGRAM WILL OPEN AT 8:00 AM AND CLOSE AT 10:00PM..DURING THIS TIME YOU WILL BE SUITED AND BOOTED. AWAKE, ~ - ALERT AND AWARE OF YOUR IMIDIATE SURROUNDINGS..IF YOU CATCH YOUR FELLOW N. "SLIPPIN" ASLEAP TAKE THE INITITIVE TO WAKE HIM UP BEFORE HE GETS D.P ...2. ONCE AGAIN ALL MOVEMENTS ARE MANDITORY! NO EXCEPTIONS.(THERE IS STRENGTH IN NUMBERS) WE WILL NOT BE CAUGHT SLIPPIN ON ANY LEVELS...3. A N. WILL ACKNOWLEDGE AND RESPECT HIS AUTHORITY IN CHARGE..ON THE SAME TOKEN NO N. WILL FEEL INFIRIOR TO ONE HOLDING RANK OR POSITION. 4.AT NO TIME WILL ANY N. ENDULGE IN ANY HOMOSEXUAL ACTIVITY, SEX PLAY, HORSE PLAY, SETRIPPIN, INDIVIDUALISM, OR HOMEBOY FAVORITISM. 5. NO RED ON RED ATTACKS/FIGHTING (AMONGST ONE AND OTHER) WILL BE TOLERATED. ALL FUNKING (BARRIO WARFARE) WILL BE LEFT ON THE STREETS. 6. NO DISRESPECTING ANY RAZAS OR K-9 WILL BE TOLERATED FOR IT ONLY JEPORDISES THE CAR AND THE LIVELYHOOD OF OUR PEOPLE..BESIDES WE DONT NEED THE UNWANT-ED AND UNECESSARY HEAT. 7. AT NO TIME WILL THE ABUSEMENT OF ALCOHOL OR ANY HARD DRUG BE TOLERATED. FOR THERE HAVE BE INCIDENTS IN THE PAST THAT WILL NO LONGER BE TOLERATED..WE ARE THE ELIETE AND WILL PRAMOTE PROFESIONAL ISM AND PROPPER CONDUCT AMONGST THE AIMLESS AND MISLEAD..9. HOUSEHOLD TIENDAS ARE ESTABLISHED FOR ALL NEW ARIVALS AND THOSE LESS FORTUNATE IN NEED. IT IS OUR SOLE DUTY TO PROMOTE UNITY AND CARNALISMO AMONGST OUR PEOPLE. THEREFOR CONTRIBUTEING TO THE THE TIENDA IS HIGHLY ENCOURAGED AND HIGHLY APPRECIATED..10. POSTING UP AT SHOWERS FOR YOUR FELLOW N. IS ALSO HIGHLY ENCOURAGED.. 11. A N. WILL DEFEND HIS HOUSEHOLD TO THE FULLEST NO MATTER THE CIRCUMSTANCES OR CONSIQENCES. THIS MEANS STANDING NEXT TO THE CAUSE OR BROTHER IN BATTLE OR STRUGGLE..12. A N. WILL BE HELD IN HIGH ~ REGARD FOR HIS PHYSICAL AND MENTAL WELLBEING..THEREFOR IT IS STRONGLY ENCOURAGED AS WELL AS MANDITORY THAT YOU BUST DOWN 4 TIMES A WEEK FOR 1 HOUR A DAY..13. A N. WILL TEACH AND SCHOOL THOSE DESTINED TO THE PINTA..AT NO TIME WILL ANY PORTION OF THESE POLACIES BE MISINTERPRETED ABUSED OR USED FOR PERSONAL GAIN TO DO SO WILL RESULT IN SERIOUS REPROCUSSIONS..14. A N. WILL ESTABLISH A BRANCH IN UNION WITH ALL THESE SET PROCEDURES, MEANING UNDERSTANDING AND ACKNOWLEDGEING SAID PROCEDURES ARE MANDITORY....CON ESO ES TODO C/R
In 1998, norteño-affliated music producers released two gangsta rap CDs, Generations of United Norteños—Till Eternity and Cuete, which were said to have been funded by the gang's top leadership as a recruitment tool ("Cuete" is the nickname of Nuestra Familia leader Gerald Rubalcaba). The lead performer, Sir Dyno, who claimed that he was only culturally a norteño and did not know his employers were literally gangsters, was indicted for conspiracy after the Operation Black Widow investigation.
See also
References
- "Prison gang case puts role of FBI informants under scrutiny" (http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2003/11/29/MNGOM3CNT91.DTL). San Francisco Chronicle, November 29, 2003.
- "Sir Dyno's Deal with the Devil" (http://www.eastbayexpress.com/issues/2003-10-01/feature.html). East Bay Express, October 1, 2003.
- "Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring" (http://www.pressdemocrat.com/pelican/0421_main.html). Santa Rosa Press Democrat, November 29, 2001.
External links
- "Nuestra Familia" (http://www.elandar.com/online_stories/12_03/story_gangs.html) (El Andar, winter 2003)
- Know Gangs: Nuestra Familia/Norteños (http://www.knowgangs.com/gang_resources/nuestra_familia/nf_001.htm)