New Jersey Meadowlands

New Jersey Meadowlands is a general name for the large ecosystem of wetlands in northeast New Jersey in the United States. The Meadowlands are known for being the site of large landfills and decades of environmental abuse. The Meadowlands stretch mainly along the terminus of the Hackensack and Passaic Rivers as they flow into Newark Bay; tributaries of the Hackensack include Berry's Creek and Overpeck Creek. The Meadowlands consist of roughly 8,400 acres (34 km²) of open, undeveloped space in addition to the vast developed areas that previously were part of the natural wetlands.

Before European settlement, the area consisted of several diverse eco-systems based on fresh-, brack-, and saltwater environments. Large areas were covered by forests. Considered by residents of the area through the centuries as "wastelands," the Meadowlands were systematically subject to various kinds of human intervention. These can be categorized into four major categories[1] (http://www.urbanhabitats.org/v02n01/3centuries_full.html):

• Extraction of natural resources - such resources have included fish, game, etc. In addition, farmers harvested salt hay for feed. Over time, the resources were either depleted or contaminated by pollution.
• Alteration of water flow - in addition to gradually rising tides, dams, channels, dredging, and ditches have contributed to a reduction in the freshwater habitat in the Meadowlands.
• Reclamation, land making, and development - a significant portion of Newark and Elizabeth is in fact built on land that has either been reclaimed, added, or drained from wetlands. In addition to landfill from garbage, landmass generated from dredging was also used to create new land.
• Pollution by sewage, refuse, and hazardous waste - various types of waste have been dumped legally and illegally in the Meadowlands. During World War II, refuse generated by the military during the war was dumped in the Meadowlands, including rubble from London created by the Battle of Britain. After the war, the Meadowlands continued to be used for civilian waste disposal, as the marshes were seen simply as wastelands that were not good for anything else. The opening of the New Jersey Turnpike in January 1952 only helped to amplify the continuing environmental decline of the Meadowlands, as both spurs of the Turnpike travel through the region from the Passaic River to just past North Bergen.

The state of the Meadowlands arguably hit an all-time low with the creation of the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, finished by September 1976 and originally containing the Meadowlands Racetrack and Giants Stadium. The building of the Meadowlands Sports Complex inevitably increased vehicle traffic in the area as well as all forms of pollution associated with motor vehicles.

Inevitably, the location of the New Jersey Meadowlands to the greater New York City metropolitan area and its outgrowth into New Jersey make conservation of the vast wetland a difficult proposition. In spite of this, the New Jersey State Legislature created the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission in 1968 to attempt to address both economic and environmental issues concerning the wetland region. Even under grave environmental circumstances, the Meadowlands contain many species of fish, crustaceans, and mollusks and is considered to be an important bird habitat. Congressman Steve Rothman helped save The Meadowlands from massive urban development. He secured millions of dollars from Congress to protect and preserve The Meadowlands and establish organizations to research the unique animals and their interaction with the ecosystem.

The following is a list of cities and towns that make up the New Jersey Meadowlands Commission district:

• Bergen County
  • Carlstadt
  • East Rutherford
  • Little Ferry
  • Lyndhurst
  • Moonachie
  • North Arlington
  • Ridgefield
  • Rutherford
  • South Hackensack
  • Teterboro

• Hudson County
  • Jersey City
  • Kearny
  • North Bergen
  • Secaucus

External links

• New Jersey Meadowlands Commission website (http://www.meadowlands.state.nj.us/)
• Meadowlands Environment Center (http://www.meadowlands.state.nj.us/ec/index.html)
• New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority website (http://www.njsea.com/)
• The Meadowlands: Wilderness Adventures on the Edge of a City (book description) (http://www.geometry.net/basic_n_bk/new_jersey_geography.html)
• Wild New Jersey - "The Fishes Swim Through it? Once Again" (http://www.wildnj.com/gest2.htm)

Regions of New Jersey
Jersey Shore | Meadowlands | North Jersey | Pine Barrens | South Jersey | New York metropolitan area | Delaware Valley
Largest cities
Atlantic City | Bayonne | Camden | Clifton | East Orange | Elizabeth | Hackensack | Hoboken | Jersey City | Linden | Long Branch | New Brunswick | Newark | Passaic | Paterson | Perth Amboy | Plainfield | Trenton | Union City | Vineland
Counties of New Jersey
Atlantic | Bergen | Burlington | Camden | Cape May | Cumberland | Essex | Gloucester | Hudson | Hunterdon | Mercer | Middlesex | Monmouth | Morris | Ocean | Passaic | Salem | Somerset | Sussex | Union | Warren