Lysine
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| Lysine | |
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| Chemical name | (S)-2,6-Diamino- hexanoic acid |
| Abbreviations | Lys K |
| Chemical formula | C6H14N2O2 |
| Molecular mass | 146.19 g/mol |
| Melting point | 215°C d |
| Specific rotation | +14.6° |
| Isoelectric point | 9.47 |
| pKa | 2.16 9.06 10.54 |
| CAS number | [56-87-1] |
| EINECS number | 200-294-2 |
| SMILES | NCCCCC(N)C(=O)O |
| Missing image Amminoacido_lisina_formula.png Chemical structure of lysine | |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. With its 4-aminobutyl side-chain, it is classified as a basic amino acid, along with arginine and histidine. It is an essential amino acid, and the human nutritional requirement is 1–1.5 g daily. A deficiency in lysine can result in a deficiency in niacin (which is a B Vitamin). This can cause the disease pellagra. Lysine can also be used as a nutritional supplement to help against herpes.
Lysine is the limiting amino acid in all cereal grains, but is plentiful in all pulses. Fish are also quite rich in lysine. Plants that contain significant amounts of lysine include:
- Buffalo Gourd (10,130–33,000 ppm) in seed
- Berro, Watercress (1,340–26,800 ppm) in herb.
- Soybean (24,290–26,560 ppm) in seed.
- Carob, Locust Bean, St.John's-Bread (26,320 ppm) in seed;
- Black Bean, Dwarf Bean, Field Bean, Flageolet Bean, French Bean, Garden Bean, Green Bean, Haricot, Haricot Bean, Haricot Vert, Kidney Bean, Navy Bean, Pop Bean, Popping Bean, Snap Bean, String Bean, Wax Bean (2,390–25,700 ppm) in sprout seedling;
- Ben Nut, Benzolive Tree, Drumstick Tree, Horseradish Tree, Jacinto (Sp.), Moringa, West Indian Ben (5,370–25,165 ppm) in shoot.
- Lentil (7,120–23,735 ppm) in sprout seedling.
- Asparagus Pea, Goa Bean, Winged Bean (21,360–23,304 ppm) in seed.
- Lambsquarter (3,540–22,550 ppm) in seed.
- Lentil (19,570–22,035 ppm) in seed.
- White Lupine (19,330–21,585 ppm) in seed.
- Black Caraway, Black Cumin, Fennel-Flower, Nutmeg-Flower, Roman Coriander (16,200–20,700 ppm) in seed.
- Spinach (1,740–20,664 ppm) in slant.
- Amaranth, Quinoa
Lysine can undergo posttranslational modification in protein molecules, often by methylation or acetylation. Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine. O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.
Lysine is metabolised in mammals to give Acetyl-CoA, via an initial transamination with α-ketoglutarate. The bacterial degradation of lysine yields cadaverine by decarboxylation.
Sources
- Much of the information in this article has been translated from German Wikipedia.
- Sigma-Aldrich Co. (http://www.sigmaaldrich.com)
Template:AminoAcidsde:Lysin es:Lisina it:Lisina nl:Lysine ja:リシン pl:Lizyna ru:Лизин sv:Lysin