List of Turkic states and empires
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Historical kingdoms and empires
The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or dynasties. Mentioning of any particular entity in this place should not be read to mean that the entity as a whole was Turkic or even had more than a significant minority of Turkic subjects.
- Huns
- Great Huns (13th century BCE-1st century)
- Western Huns (379-496)
- White Huns (Hephthalites) (5th-7th century)
- Gokturk State (552-744)
- Avars (6th-9th century)
- Great Bulgaria (6th-7th century)
- Pechenegs (860-1091)
- Khazars (7th-10th century)
- Uyghur State (744-840)
- Kara-Khanid Khanate (840-1042)
- Volga Bulgaria (800-1236)
- Ghaznavid Empire (962-1187)
- Khwarezm-Shahs (1097-1231)
- Seljuk Turks (1073-1307)
- Mamluks (1250-1517)
- Khanate of Kazan (1438-1552)
- Khanate of Astrakhan (1430s-1554)
- Siberia Khanate (1430s-1576)
- Qasim Khanate (15th -17th century)
- Khanate of Crimea (1441-1783)
- Jagoldai (15th-17th century)
- Safavids (1502-1737)
- Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)
Modern Turkic Countries
- Azerbaijan (established 1991)
- Kazakhstan (established 1991)
- Kyrgyzstan (established 1991)
- Turkey (established 1923)
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (established 1975)
- Turkmenistan (established 1991)
- Uzbekistan (established 1991)
Autonomous Turkic republics in the Russian Federation
Other Autonomous Turkic regions
Turkic-Mongolian States
- Turkic-Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan (13th century)
- Golden Horde (Kipchak Khanate) (1227-1502)
- Turkic-Mongol Empire of Timur Lenk (1370-1506)
- Mogul Empire of Babur (1526-1858)