List of German rulers in 1878
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German rulers in 1877 - State leaders in 1878 - German rulers in 1879
- Anhalt - Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt (1871-1904)
- Baden - Friedrich I, Grand Duke of Baden (1856-1907)
- Bavaria - Ludwig II, King of Bavaria (1864-1886)
- Bremen - Friedrich Moritz Christian Pfeiffer, First Mayor of Bremen (1876-1879)
- Brunswick - Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick (1831-1884)
- Hamburg - ???
- Hesse - Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (1877-1892)
- Lippe - Woldemar, Prince of Lippe (1875-1895)
- Lübeck - Theodor Curtius, Presiding Mayor of Lübeck (1877-1878)
- Mecklenburg-Schwerin - Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1842-1883)
- Mecklenburg-Strelitz - Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1860-1904)
- Oldenburg - Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1853-1900)
- Prussia - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
- Reuss Junior Line - Heinrich XIV, Prince of Reuss Junior Line (1867-1913)
- Reuss Senior Line - Heinrich XXII, Prince of Reuss Senior Line (1859-1902)
- Saxe-Altenburg - Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1853-1908)
- Saxe-Coburg and Gotha - Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1844-1893)
- Saxe-Meiningen - Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1866-1914)
- Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach - Carl Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1853-1901)
- Saxony - Albert I, King of Saxony (1873-1902)
- Schaumburg-Lippe - Adolf I Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (1860-1893)
- Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt - Georg Albrecht, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1869-1890)
- Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1835-1880)
- Waldeck-Pyrmont - Georg Viktor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1845-1893)
- Württemberg - Karl I, King of Württemberg (1864-1891)