Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
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The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is one of the Roman Catholic patriarchs of the east. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem is the oldest of Eastern Catholic Patriarchates, and the only one that still follows the Latin Rite.
In 1054, the Great Schism separated the Christian Church. The Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem and the other three Eastern Patriarchs formed the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Patriarch of Rome formed the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1099 Jerusalem was captured by Crusaders, inaugurating the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which endured almost 200 years. A Roman Catholic hierarchy was established in the Kingdom under a Latin Patriarch. When the last vestiges of the Kingdom were conquered by the Mamelukes in 1291, the Roman Catholic hierarchy was effectively eliminated in the Levant. However, the church continued to appoint titular Patriarchs of Jerusalem, who were based at the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura in Rome after 1374.
In 1889, the Ottoman Empire allowed the Catholic Church to re-establish its hierarchy in Palestine. The Patriarch of Jerusalem is now the leader of Roman Catholics in Israel and the Palestinian territories. Most Roman Catholics in this region are Palestinian Christians. The current Patriarch is Michel Sabbah, the first Palestinian to hold the post. The residency of the Patriarchate is in the Old Town of Jerusalem, while the Seminary, which is responsible for the liturgical education, was moved to Beit Jala, a town 10 km south of Jerusalem, in 1936.
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Ecclesiastical hierarchy of the Crusader patriarchate
Patriarch of Jerusalem
During the existence of the Latin Kingdom, the Patriarchate was divided into four archdioceses - Tyre, Caesarea, Nazareth, and Petra - and a number of dioceses. The Patriarch controlled one quarter of the city of Jerusalem (the Holy Sepulchre and the immediate surroundings), and had a number of direct suffragans:
- bishop of Lydda and Ramla (also known as the bishop of St. George)
- bishop of Bethlehem
- bishop of Hebron
- bishop of Gaza
- abbot of the Temple
- abbot of Mount Zion
- abbot of the Mount of Olives
Archbishop of Tyre
Prior to the crusades, the archbishop of Tyre had traditionally been under the control of the patriarch of Antioch, but Tyre was part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem rather than the Principality of Antioch so it was claimed by the patriarch of Jerusalem. This see holds control of the Diocese of Phoenicia. The most notable archbishop of Tyre was the historian William of Tyre who served from 1175-1186. Traditionally the Patriarch would have first served as the archbishop of Tyre or Caesarea. The archbishopric included a number of suffragan bishops:
A notable bishop of Acre was the chronicler Jacques de Vitry.
Archbishop of Caesarea
As above, the Patriarch of Jerusalem might first have served as archbishop of Caesarea - such is the case with Patriarch Heraclius (1180-1191). The bishops controls the diocese of Palaestrina. Suffragans included:
- bishop of Sebaste
Archbishop of Nazareth
The archbishopric of Nazareth was located in Beisan until 1109 and holds the diocese of Palaestrina II. Suffragans included:
- bishop of Tiberias
- abbot of Mount Tabor
Archbishop of Petra
This archbishopric served the diocese of Palaestrina III; the Oultrejordain area, and traditionally included St. Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai, although Crusader influence rarely extended that far.
List of Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
- Arnulf of Chocques (1099)
- Dagobert of Pisa (1099-1102)
- Ehremar (1102)
- Dagobert of Pisa (restored) (1102-1107)
- Ghibbelin of Arles (1107-1112)
- Arnulf of Chocques (restored) (1112-1118)
- Garmond of Picquigny (1119-1128)
- Stephen (1128-1130)
- William I of Malines (1130-1145)
- Fulk (1146-1157)
- Amalric (1157-1180)
- Heraclius (1180-1191)
(Jerusalem lost in 1187; seat of the Patriarch moved to Acre)
- (Vacant 1191-1194)
- Aymar the Monk (1194-1202)
- Soffred (1202-1204)
- Albert Avogadro (1204-1214)
- Raoul of Merencourt (1214-1225)
- Gerald of Lausanne (1225-1238)
- (Vacant 1238-1240; Jacques de Vitry appointed but never served)
- Robert of Nantes (1240-1254)
- Jacques Pantaléon (1255-1261), future Pope Urban IV of Rome
- William II of Agen (1261-1270)
- Thomas Agni of Cosenza (1271-1277)
- John of Versailles (1278-1279)
- Elijah (1279-1287)
- Nicholas of Hanapes (1288-1294)
(Acre lost in 1291; moved to Cyprus then Rome after 1374; only honorary patriarchs until 1847)
- unknown
- Antony Beck (1306-1311), also Prince-Bishop of Durham in England from 1284 to 1310
- unknown; the Franciscan Custos of the Holy Lands (The Grand Masters of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre) holds the title in technicality from 1342 onwards under the Bull Gratiam agimus by Pope Clement VI (unless someone is appointed in the honorary office).
- Gian Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce (1572-1591), future Pope Innocent IX of Rome
- unknown
- Vincent Louis Gotti (1728-1729)
- Pompeo Aldrovandi (1729-?)
- unknown
- Augustus Foscolo (1830-1847)
(Restoration of patriarchal residence in Jerusalem in 1847)
(Latin patriarchate hierarchy re-established in 1889)
- Luigi Piavi (1889-1905)
- (Vacant 1905-1907)
- Filippo Camassei (1907-1919)
- Luigi Balassina (1920-1947)
- (Vacant 1947-1949)
- Alberto Gori (1949-1970)
- Giacomo Giuseppi Beltritti (1970-1987)
- Michel Sabbah (1987-present)
List of Archbishops of Tyre
- Eudes (?-1124)
- William (1127-1130)
- Fulk (1130-1146)
- Raoul (1146; his election was disputed and he was never consecrated)
- Peter (1146-1164)
- Frederick (1164-1173)
- William of Tyre (1174-1186)
- unknown; some later archbishops were possibly appointed in Europe after the fall of Jerusalem
- Joscius (c. 1198)
- Simon (1217-1227)
- Peter of Sergines (?-1253?)
- Nicholas Larcat (c. 1253?)
- Gilles (1253-1266)
- John (?-1272?)
- Bonacourt (?-1290?)
List of Archbishops of Caesarea
- Baldwin (1101-1107)
- Ebremer (1107-1123?)
- Gaudentius (c. 1140)
- Baldwin II (?-1156?)
- Harvey (1157-1173)
- Heraclius (1173-1180)
- Monachus (1181-1194)
- Peter (c. 1207)
- Peter II (c. 1230)
- Lociaumes (1244-1266)
List of Archbishops of Nazareth
- Bernard (c. 1120)
- William (1129-1138)
- Robert (1138-1151)
- Robert II (1151-?)
- Attard (?-1159)
- Letard (1160-1190)
- Nicholas (c. 1230)
- Hugh (c. 1234)
- Henry (1244-1268)
- Guy (?-1298)
- William of St. John (1298-?)
- Peter (c. 1326)
- Peter II (1330-1345)
- William Belvaise (1366-1368)
- John Salamonius (1368-1388)
- John de la Ville (1390-1400)
- Durand ?
- Richard ?
List of Archbishops of Petra
- Guerric (1168-?)
- no other archbishops are known by namede:Lateinischer Patriarch von Jerusalem