1255
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For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century.
| Years: 1252 1253 1254 - 1255 - 1256 1257 1258 | |
| Decades: 1220s 1230s 1240s - 1250s - 1260s 1270s 1280s | |
| Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1255 state leaders | |
| Contents |
Events
Europe
Western Europe
- August - The final Cathar stronghold in southern France falls, eliminating the last refuge of the heretical Cathars after the Roman Catholic Church engaged in a program to crush the sect, starting in 1209 with the Albigensian Crusade.
- The death of Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln prompts persecution of Jews in England on accusations of blood libel.
- The Portuguese capital is moved to Lisbon.
- The Gothic cathedral at Bourges, France, is completed. It is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- A survey of royal priviledges is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys in 1274/1275 and 1279/1280.
Central and eastern Europe
- May - William of Rubruck from Constantinople returns to Cyprus from his missionary journey to convert the Tatars of central and eastern Asia, his efforts having been unsuccessful.
- Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) is founded in Prussia.
- Theodore II Lascaris, Byzantine Emperor (in exile in the Empire of Nicaea), conducts a military campaign to recover Thrace from the Bulgarians. He concludes the task successfully a year later in 1256.
- The Duchy of Bavaria is split into Upper and Lower Bavaria
- The German state of Nassau is divided, not to be reunited until 1806.
Asia
- Hulagu Khan is dispatched by his brother Möngke Khan to destroy the remaining Muslim states in southwestern Asia.
Births
- July - Albert I of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1308)
- Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg, King of the Romans (d. 1298)
- Duccio di Buoninsegna, Sienese painter (d. 1319)
- Grand Prince Andrei III of Russia (d. 1304)
- William de Ros, 2nd Baron de Ros, claimant to the crown of Scotland (d. 1317)
Deaths
- May 1 - Walter de Gray, English prelate and statesman.
- August - Little Saint Hugh of Lincoln
- Batu Khan, Mongol ruler and founder of the Blue Horde.
- Thomas of Celaeno, author of Dies Irae.
- Sundiata Keita, semi-historical hero and founder of the Mali Empire.
See also
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