Kingdom of Wei
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The Kingdom of Wei (ch. 魏, py. wèi, wg. wei) (220-265) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty.
During the decline of the Han Dynasty, the northern part of China was under the control of Cao Cao, the Imperial Secretariat to the last Han emperor (see Unification of northern China). In 213, he was titled Wei Gong (duke of Wei) and given ten cities as his domain. This area was named the "State of Wei". At that time, the southern part of China was already divided into two areas controlled by two warlords (later the Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu). In 216, Cao Cao was promoted to Wei Wang (king of Wei).
In 220, Cao Cao died and his son Cao Pi succeded to the title Wei Wang and the position as Imperial Secretarist. Later that year, Cao Pi seized the imperial throne and claimed to have founded the Wei dynasty, but Liu Bei of Shu immediately contested his claim to the throne, and Sun Quan followed suite in 222.
Wei conquered the Kingdom of Shu in 263. Shortly afterwards, in 265, the Wei dynasty was overthrown by its last Imperial Secretariat, Sima Yan, founder of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
The capital of Wei was Luoyang.
- Important figures:
- Kingdom of Wei:
- Cao Cao (曹操)
- Cao Pi (曹丕)
- Cao Zhi (曹植)
- Cao Ren (曹仁)
- Xiahou Dun (夏侯惇)
- Xiahou Yuan (夏侯渊)
- Zhang Liao (张辽)
- Yue Jin (乐进)
- Xu Huang (徐晃)
- Zhang He (张郃)
- Yu Jin (于禁)
- Xun You (荀攸)
- Xun Yu (荀彧)
- Chen Qun (陈群)
- Guo Jia (郭嘉)
- Cheng Yu (程昱)
- Sima Yi (司馬懿)
- Sima Shi (司馬师)
- Sima Zhao (司馬昭)
- Sima Yan (司馬炎)
- Deng Ai (邓艾)
- Wuqiu Jian (毋丘儉)
- Kingdom of Wei:
| Posthumous Names | family (in bold) name and first names | Year(s) of Reigns | Era Names and their range of years |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese Convention: family and first names, and less commonly "Wei" + posthumous name + "di" | |||
| Emperor Wen of Wei China, ch. 文, py. wén | Cao Pi, ch. 曹丕, py. cáo pī | 220-226 | Huangchu (黃初 huang2 chu1) 220-226 |
| Emperor Ming of Wei China, ch. 明 py. míng | Cao Rui, ch. 曹叡, py. cáo rùi | 226-239 | Taihe (太和 tài hé) 227-233Qinglong (青龍 qīng lóng) 233-237Jingchu (景初 jĭng chū) 237-239 |
| Shao (少 py. shao4) or King of Qi of Wei China, ch. 齊王, py. qí wáng | Cao Fang, ch. 曹芳, py. cáo fāng | 239-254 | Zhengshi (正始 zhèng shĭ) 240-249 Jiaping (嘉平 jīa píng) 249-254 |
| Gaoguixiang Gong of Wei China, ch. 高貴鄉公, py. gāo gùi xīang gōng | Cao Mao, ch. 曹髦, py. cáo máo | 254-260 | Zhengyuan (正元 zhèng yúan) 254-256 Ganlu (甘露 gān lù) 256-260 |
| Emperor Yuan of Wei China, ch. 元, py. yúan | Cao Huan, ch. 曹奐, py. cáo hùan | 260-265 | Jingyuan (景元 jĭng yúan) 260-264 Xianxi (咸熙 xían xī) 264-265 |
External Source
- Pak Young's edition of Zizhi Tungjian by Sima Guang. 柏楊版資治通鑑
ko:위나라 ja:魏 (三国) fi:Wei-kuningaskunta fr:Royaume du Wei zh-cn:曹魏