John Boswell
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John Eastburn Boswell (March 20, 1947 - December 24, 1994), was a gay historian.
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John Boswell was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and educated at the College of William and Mary and at Harvard University. He became a professor of history at Yale University, and helped organize the Lesbian and Gay Studies Center at Yale in 1987. He was chairman of the history department at Yale from 1990 to 1992.
He is the author of the well respected Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century (1980), which, according to Chauncey et al (1989), "offered a revolutionary interpretation of the Western tradition, arguing that the Roman Catholic Church had not condemned gay people throughout its history, but rather, at least until the twelfth century, had alternately envinced no special concern about homosexuality or actually celebrated love between men."
He is known primarily, however, as author of Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe (New York: Villard, 1994) in which he argues that the adelphopoiia liturgy was evidence that attitude of the Christian church towards homosexuality has changed over time, and that early Christians did on occasion accept same-sex relationships. [1] (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/index-bos.html)
Rites of 'same-sex union' occur in ancient prayer-books of both the western and eastern churches. They are rites of adelphopoiesis, literally Greek for the making of brothers. Boswell argued that these were sexual unions, but other scholars assert that they were instead rites of becoming adopted brothers, or "blood brothers". [2] (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/sykeon-adelpho.html), [3] (http://www.leaderu.com/marco/marriage/gaymarriage7.html)
Boswell pointed out such evidence as an icon of two saints, Saints Sergius and Bacchus (at St. Catherine's on Mount Sinai), and drawings, such as one he interprets as depicting the wedding feast of Emperor Basil to his "partner", John; Boswell sees Jesus as fulfilling the role of the 'pronubus' or in modern parallel, best man.
Boswell made many detailed translations of these rites in his book The Marriage of Likeness, and claimed that one mass gay wedding occurred only a couple of centuries ago in the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterno, the cathedral seat of the pope as Bishop of Rome.
Boswell's writings touched off detailed debate in The Irish Times some years ago and the article which triggered off the debate, a major feature in the "Rite and Reason" religion column in the paper by a respected Irish historian and religious commentator, has been reproduced on many websites.
In "Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories" (1982, revised), Boswell compares the constructionist-essentialist positions to the realist-nominalist dichotomy. He also lists a three types of sexual taxonomies:
- A - all humans are polymorphously sexual...external accidents, such as social pressure, legal sanctions, religious beliefs, historical or personal circumstances determine the actual expression of each person's sexual feelings.
- B - two or more sexual categories, usually, but not always based on sexual object choice
- C - one type of sexual response [is] normal...all other variants abnormal
Aside from sexuality issues, his "Royal Treasure" is a detailed historical study of the Mudejar Muslims in Aragon in the 14th century.
Works
- Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities Under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century (1977) – Online (http://libro.uca.edu/boswell/contents.htm)
- Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality (1980)
- Rediscovering Gay History: Archetypes of Gay Love in Christian History (1982)
- The Kindness of Strangers: The Abandonment of Children in Western Europe from Late Antiquity to the Renaissance (1989)
- Homosexuality in the Priesthood and the Religious Life (1991) (co-author)
- Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy (1992)
- The Marriage of Likeness: Same-Sex Union in Premodern Europe (1994)
Source
- Boswell, John (1989, 1982). "Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories", Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past, Chauncey et al, eds. New York: Meridian, New American Library, Penguin Books. ISBN 0452010675.
- Chauncey et al, eds (1989). "Introduction", Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past (1990), New York: Meridian, New American Library, Penguin Books. ISBN 0452010675.
See also
Links
- PEOPLE WITH A HISTORY: John Boswell Page (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/index-bos.html)
- The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon (7th Century) (http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/pwh/sykeon-adelpho.html)
- Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities Under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth Century (http://libro.uca.edu/boswell/contents.htm)de:John Boswell