Heptane
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| General | |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C7H16 |
| CAS number | 142-82-5 |
| EC number | 205-563-8 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Appearance | Colourless liquid |
| Melting point | 182 K (-91° Celsius) |
| Boiling point | 371 K (98° Celsius) |
| Vapour density | 3.5 |
| Vapour pressure | 40 mm Hg at 20° Celsius |
| Specific gravity | 0.684 |
| Flash point | -1° Celsius |
| Explosion limits | 1.1 - 7% |
| Autoignition temperature | 222° Celsius |
| Spectral data | |
| NMR spectra | 1H NMR spectrum of n-heptane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Heptane_HNMR.png)
13C NMR spectrum of n-heptane (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Heptane_CNMR.png) |
Heptane (also known as dipropyl methane, gettysolve-C or heptyl hydride) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)5CH3. Heptane has nine isomers.
The isomer n-heptane (straight-chain heptane) has been selected as the zero point of the octane rating scale. It is undesirable in petrol, as it burns explosively, causing engine knocking, as opposed to branched-chain octane isomers, which burn more slowly and give better performance. Its choice for the zero point of the scale was due to the availability of very high purity n-heptane, unmixed with other isomers of heptane or other alkanes, distilled from the resin of Jeffrey Pine. Other sources of heptane and octane, produced from crude oil, contain a mixture of different isomers with greatly differing ratings, so do not give a precise zero point.
External links
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Heptane (http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/HE/heptane.html)
- http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/chemical.pl?HEPTANE
| Alkanes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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methane |
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ethane |
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propane |
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butane |
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pentane |
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hexane | |||||||||||||||||||||
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heptane |
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octane |
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nonane |
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decane |
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undecane |
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dodecane |
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tridecane |
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tetradecane |
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pentadecane |
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hexadecane |
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heptadecane |
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octadecane |
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nonadecane |
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eicosane |
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heneicosane |
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docosane |
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tricosane |
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tetracosane |
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pentacosane |
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hexacosane |
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heptacosane |
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octacosane |
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nonacosane |
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triacontane |
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hentriacontane |
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dotriacontane |
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tritriacontane |
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tetratriacontane |
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pentatriacontane |
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hexatriacontane |
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