Giudicati
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Giudicati were Sardinian medieval autochthonous regions which existed from about 900 AD. Originally they were Byzantine districts that became independent during the Arab war against Byzantium. Their governors were the Iudikes (it.: Giudici), elected by the Corona de Logu (Parliament). Their names were (N to S): Logudoro, Gallura, Arborea, Calari. They lost their independence between 1258 and 1410, against Pisa and Aragon.
The most famous Giudicato was the one of Arborea who was able to keep its independence until 1410, thanks especially to the figure of Eleonora d'Arborea.