Gatorade
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Gatorade is a non-carbonated sports drink marketed by PepsiCo. Originally made for athletes, it is now often consumed by non-athletes as a snack beverage. Gatorade was created by Dr. Robert Cade and Dr. Dana Shires at the University of Florida in 1966 and named for the university's football team, the Gators. The drink is intended to rehydrate and replenish the carbohydrates (using sucrose, glucose, and fructose), salts, vitamins, and minerals depleted during aerobic exercise (particularly in the debilitating Florida climate).
Dr. Cade entered into an agreement with the Indianapolis-based fruit and vegetable canning company Stokely-Van Camp, Inc. (S-VC) to produce the product, which he had already patented. In 1973 Cade and S-VC settled a lawsuit with the University of Florida, which had claimed the University owned the rights for the drink's formula. Since that time the University has received more than $80 million in Gatorade royalties.
Only a year after its commercial introduction Gatorade was reformulated, as its initial recipe contained the sweetener sodium cyclamate, which was banned by the FDA. [1] (http://chemcases.com/gatorade/gatorade21.htm)
The Florida Gator football team used Gatorade officially in 1967 and went on to win their first Orange Bowl title. They beat Georgia Tech, whose coach when asked why they lost replied: "We didn't have Gatorade. That made the difference." Gatorade was used officially in 1969 by the Kansas City Chiefs who attribute their Super Bowl title of that year to the University of Florida sports drink.
Marketed with dramatically perspiring athletic imagery, the drink became popular with non-athletes, and dietetic and low-sodium versions were added to the Gatorade product lineup.
The Quaker Oats company bought S-VC in 1983, after a bidding-war with rival Pillsbury. Quaker licensed manufacturing of Gatorade in some worldwide markets to PepsiCo, but sued Pepsi in Australia in 1998, alleging Pepsi had misappropriated Gatorade trade secrets to manufacture its own sports drink, All Sport. Quaker won the Australian case [2] (http://ww5.cch.com.au/atp/atp465.html). In August 2001 Pepsico acquired Quaker (after another bidding-war, this time with arch rival Coca-Cola). Both bidders valued Quaker largely because of the contribution of the Gatorade brand.
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Flavors
Flavors in the United States
1967
- Lemon-Lime (Yellow)
1983
- Fruit Punch (Red)
1989
1993
- Iced tea with Lemon (Light Brown, Discontinued)
1997
- Frost Glacier Freeze (Light Blue)
- Frost Riptide Rush (Purple)
- Frost Alpine Snow (White, Discontinued)
1999
- Fierce Lime (Green, Discontinued)
- Fierce Melon (Orange)
- Fierce Berry (Red)
- Fierce Grape (Dark Blue-Violet)
- Midnight Thunder (Black, Discontinued)
2001
- Passion Fruit (Pink, Discontinued)
- Starfruit (Light Green, Discontinued)
- Frost High Tide (Green, Discontinued)
2002
- Strawberry Ice (Colorless, Discontinued)
- Lime Ice (Colorless, Discontinued)
- Orange Ice (Colorless, Discontinued)
- Frost Cascade Crash (Blue)
2003
- Cool Blue (Blue)
- Extremo Tropical Intenso (Red)
- Extremo Citrico Vibrante (Yellow, Discontinued)
- Extremo Mango Electrico (Orange)
- Watermelon Ice (Colorless)
- Berry Citrus (Red)
- Fierce Strawberry (Dark Pink)
2004
- X-Factor Fruit Punch + Berry (Red)
- X-Factor Orange + Tropical Fruit (Red-orange)
- X-Factor Lemon-lime + Strawberry (Yellow)
2005
- Lemonade (Light Yellow)
- Raspberry Lemonade (Pink)
- Strawberry Lemonade (Pink)
- All-Stars Grape (Purple)
- All-Stars Lemon-Lime (Yellow)
- All-Stars Berry (Blue)
- Cooler Orange (Orange, Limited edition)
Year Unknown
- All-Stars Strawberry (Red)
- All-Stars Ice Punch (Colorless)
- All-Stars Tropical Punch (Orange)
- Citrus Cooler (Yellow-orange) (4th flavor, introduced during the 1980's after fruit punch)
- Lemon Ice (Colorless, Discontinued)
- Orange (Orange) (2nd flavor, introduced at some point during the 1970's)
- Strawberry Kiwi (Pink)
Flavors outside the US
- Active
- Alpine Snow
- Antarctic Freeze
- Arctic Snow
- Apple
- Apple Ice
- Berry Citrus
- Black Ice
- Blueberry
- Blue Bolt
- Blue Raspberry
- Blue Thunder
- Cascade Crash
- Challenge
- Citrus
- Citrus Cooler
- Citrus Fruit
- Citrus Water
- Cool Blue
- Cool Blue Raspberry
- Cool Cascade
- Extremo Citrico Vibrante
- Extremo Mango Electrico
- Extremo Tropical Intenso
- Fierce Berry
- Fierce Citrus Fruit
- Fierce Grape
- Fierce Lemon
- Fierce Lime
- Fierce Melon
- Fierce Orange Cherry
- Fierce Strawberry
- Fruit Punch
- Glacier Freeze
- Grape
- Grapefruit
- Green
- Green Apple
- High Tide
- Kiwi
- Lemon
- Lemonade
- Lemon Chill
- Lemon Ice
- Lemon Lime
- Lemon Mix
- Lime Ice
- Mandarin
- Mango
- Maracuya
- Nespera
- Orange
- Orange Grapefruit
- Orange Ice
- Orange Mix
- Passion Fruit
- Peach Cooler
- Pink Grapefruit
- Pro
- Purple Rain
- Raspberry
- Red
- Red Orange
- Red Tornado
- Riptide Rush
- Sky Blast
- Strawberry Ice
- Strawberry Kiwi
- Strawberry Passion Fruit
- Strawberry Watermelon
- Tangerine
- Tropical
- Tropical Burst
- Tropical Fruit
- Tropical Storm
- Watermelon Ice
- White Ice
- Wild Water Rush
- X-Factor Fruit Punch + Berry
- X-Factor Lemon Lime + Strawberry
- X-Factor Orange + Tropical Fruit
- Xtra
External links
- gatorade.com (http://www.gatorade.com/)
- Gatorade page at the University of Florida (http://rgp.ufl.edu/publications/explore/v08n1/gatorade.html)
- Details of "true" Gatorade urban-legend (http://www.snopes.com/food/origins/gatorade.htm)bg:Gatorade