Diamond Sutra
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The Diamond Sutra (Vajracchedika-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra), "The Perfection of Wisdom Sutra that Cuts like a Thunderbolt," is a short Mahayana sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom genre, which teaches the practice of the avoidance of abiding in extremes of mental attachment. A copy of the Diamond Sutra, found sealed in a cave in China in the early 20th century, is the oldest known dated printed book, with a printed date of 868.
Since it can be read in approximately forty minutes, the Diamond Sutra is often memorized and chanted in Buddhist monasteries. This sutra has retained a high degree of popularity in the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition for over a millennium, especially in East Asia, and most importantly within the East Asian meditation (Chan/Seon/Zen/Thien) school, where it is recited, taught, and commented extensively, even today. The text resonates with a core aspect of Chan doctrine/praxis: the theme of "non-abiding."
There is a wood block printed copy in the British Library which, although not the earliest example of block printing, is the earliest example which bears an actual date. It was found in 1907 by the archaeologist Sir Marc Aurel Stein in a walled-up cave near Dunhuang, in northwest China. The colophon, at the inner end, reads: Reverently [caused to be] made for universal free distribution by Wang Jie on behalf of his two parents on the 13th of the 4th moon of the 9th year of Xiantong (i.e. 11th May, CE 868). This is about 587 years before the Gutenberg Bible.
External links
- Diamond Sutra: English Translation, (http://www.hm.tyg.jp/~acmuller/bud-canon/diamond_sutra.html) by Charles Muller
- Diamond Sutra - images of the original printed edition (http://www.bl.uk/collections/treasures/diamond.html)
- Diamond Sutra - complete images and information on the original document (http://idp.bl.uk/GetObjectOverview/18824)
- Perfect Wisdom, Short Prajnaparamita Sutras (http://buddhismnow.co.uk/BPG/application/Application.php?ProductCode=5188) Translated by Edward Conze
- Perfect Wisdom, Short Prajnaparamita Sutras (http://buddhismnow.co.uk/BPG/application/Application.php?ProductCode=5188) Translated by Edward Conzefr:Sūtra du Diamant