See also: Timeline of Quebec history
| Year | Population |
|---|
| 1605 | 44 |
| 1608 | 28 |
| 1610 | 18 |
| 1620 | 60 |
| 1630 | 100 |
| 1640 | 359 |
| 1653 | 2,000 |
| 1666 | 3,215 |
| 1667 | 3,918 |
| 1673 | 6,705 |
| 1675 | 7,832 |
| 1679 | 9,400 |
| 1683 | 12,566 |
| 1686 | 11,786 |
| 1692 | 12,431 |
| 1706 | 16,745 |
| 1713 | 18,469 |
| 1720 | 24,594 |
| 1727 | 31,184 |
| 1734 | 37,716 |
| 1739 | 43,362 |
| 1754 | 55,009 |
| 1765 | 69,810 |
| 1784 | 113,012 |
| 1790 | 161,311 |
| 1806 | 250,000 |
| 1814 | 335,000 |
| 1822 | 427,465 |
| 1831 | 553,134 |
| 1844 | 697,084 |
| 1851 | 890,000 |
| 1861 | 1,112,000 |
| 1871 | 1,192,000 |
| 1881 | 1,360,000 |
| 1891 | 1,489,000 |
| 1901 | 1,649,000 |
| 1911 | 2,006,000 |
| 1921 | 2,361,000 |
| 1931 | 2,875,000 |
| 1941 | 3,332,000 |
| 1951 | 4,056,000 |
| 1961 | 5,259,000 |
| 1971 | 6,028,000 |
| 1981 | 6,438,000 |
| 1991 | 6,896,000 |
| 1999 | 7,323,300 |
| 2000 | 7,357,000 |
| 2001 | 7,397,000 |
| 2002 | 7,443,500 |
| 2003 | 7,487,200 |
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