Dalriada
|
|
Dalriada or Dál Riata (as it was called in Ireland) was the kingdom of the Scotti, who migrated from County Antrim in Ulster to Argyll and eventually gave their name to Scotland. Aidan mac Gabhráin, who reigned from 574 to 608 as king of Dál Riata, built a strong navy and waged aggressive war, raiding as far as the Isle of Man and the Orkney Islands. He was less successful in land battles and lost the Battle of Degsastan in 603 to the Angles. The kingdom's power in Ulster was greatly diminished by a decisive defeat by the O'Neill (Uí Néill) in 637 at the Battle of Mag Rath.
From then on the Dalriadans focused on their lands in what is now Scotland. Their rivals were the Picts to the north and the Angles of Bernicia to the east. On the south they were bordered by Strathclyde, a Brythonic kingdom. Dunadd, in Argyll, was probably the seat of the kings of Dalriada. It has been excavated and in addition to fortifications many moulds for the manufacture of jewellery were found. A census of Dalriada exists, the Senchus fer n'Alba.
Dalriada was divided into three kindreds with a fourth being added later:
- the Cenél n Gabráin — in Kintyre
- the Cenél Loairne — in Lorne
- the Cenél n Oengusa — in Islay and Jura
- the Cenél Comgall — in Cowal and Bute, a later addition
Dalriada was conquered militarily by the Picts but eventually overwhelmed them culturally. Kenneth MacAlpin, a Dalriadan, was the first King of the united Picts and Scots, reigning from 840 to 857 as the king of Alba or Scotland. The Viking raids of the 10th century broke the sea communication between Ireland and Scotland and contact was lost with the western lands of Dál Riata, but not before the Stone of Scone was brought over.
See also
Further Reading
- Studies in the history of Dalriada, John Bannerman, Scottish Academic Press, 1974. hardcover, 178 pages, Scottish Academic Press ISBN 0701120401
- The Isles, A History by Norman Davies, Oxford University Press, 1999, ISBN 0195148312
- Saints and Sea-kings. The First Kingdom of the Scots by Ewan Campbell, Canongate Books for Historic Scotland, 1999, ISBN 0862418747de:Königreiche und Fürstentümer in Irland