Congressional Space Medal of Honor
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The Congressional Space Medal of Honor was authorized by the United States Congress in 1969 to recognize "any astronaut who in the performance of his duties has distinguished himself by exceptionally meritorious efforts and contributions to the welfare of the Nation and mankind." The award is a separate decoration from the Medal of Honor, which is a military award for extreme bravery and gallantry in combat.
Although the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is a civilian award of the United States government, it is authorized as a military decoration for display on U.S. military uniforms due to the prestige of the decoration. In such cases, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is worn as a ribbon following all United States Armed Forces decorations.
To be awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor, an astronaut must perform feats of extraordinary accomplishment while participating in actual space flight under the authority of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Typically, the Congressional Space Medal of Honor is awarded for scientific discoveries or actions of tremendous benefit to mankind. The decoration may also be awarded for extreme bravery during a space emergency or in preventing a major space disaster. The Congressional Space Medal of Honor may also be presented posthumously to those astronauts who died in the line of duty while performing a United States space mission.
Recepients
As of 2004, 27 astronauts have been honored with the award, which is presented by the President of the United States in Congress's name.
- 1978 Neil Armstrong
- 1978 Frank Borman
- 1978 Charles "Pete" Conrad
- 1978 John Glenn
- 1978 Virgil "Gus" Grissom (posthumous)
- 1978 Alan Shepard
- 1981 John W. Young
- 1993 Thomas P. Stafford
- 1995 James Lovell
- 1996 Shannon Lucid
- 1997 Roger Chaffee (posthumous)
- 1997 Edward White (posthumous)
- 2003 William Shepherd
- 2004 Rick Husband (posthumous)
- 2004 Willie McCool (posthumous)
- 2004 Michael P. Anderson (posthumous)
- 2004 Kalpana Chawla (posthumous)
- 2004 David M. Brown (posthumous)
- 2004 Laurel Clark (posthumous)
- 2004 Ilan Ramon (posthumous)
- 2004 Dick Scobee (posthumous)
- 2004 Michael Smith (posthumous)
- 2004 Judith Resnik (posthumous)
- 2004 Ellison Onizuka (posthumous)
- 2004 Ronald McNair (posthumous)
- 2004 Greg Jarvis (posthumous)
- 2004 Christa McAuliffe (posthumous)