Bohr radius
|
|
In the Bohr model of the structure of an atom, put forward by Niels Bohr in 1913, electrons orbit a central nucleus. The model says that the electrons orbit only at certain distances from the nucleus, depending on their energy. In the simplest atom, that of hydrogen, a single electron orbits, and the smallest possible orbit for the electron, that with the lowest energy, is the one at a distance from the nucleus called the Bohr radius.
The Bohr radius has a value of 5.291772108(18)×10-11 m (according to 2002 CODATA), i.e., approximately 53 pm or 0.53 angstroms. This value can be computed in terms of other physical constants:
<math>a_0 = {{4\pi\varepsilon_0\hbar^2}\over{m_e e^2}} = {{\hbar}\over{m_e c \alpha}}<math>
where:
- <math>\varepsilon_0<math> is the permittivity of vacuum
- <math>\hbar<math> is Dirac's constant or the "reduced Planck's constant"
- <math>m_e<math> is the electron rest mass
- <math>e<math> is the elementary charge
- <math>c<math> is the speed of light
- <math>\alpha<math> is the fine structure constant
The Bohr radius is often used as a unit in atomic physics, see atomic units.de:Bohrscher Radius it:Raggio di Bohr ja:ボーア半径 sl:Bohrov polmer