Bird Girl

The sculpture known as the Bird Girl was created in 1938 by sculptor Sylvia Shaw Judson in Lake Forest, Illinois. It achieved fame when it was featured on the cover of the 1994 novel Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.

The Bird Girl is cast in bronze and stands 50 inches tall. She is the image of a young girl wearing a simple dress and a sad or contemplative expression, with her head tilted to the left. She stands straight, her elbows propped against her waist as she holds up two bowls out from her sides. The bowls are often described by viewers as "bird feeders".

The sculpture was commissioned as a garden sculpture for a family in Massachusetts. A thin, 8 year old model named Lorraine Greenman (now Lorraine Ganz) posed for the piece.

Only four statues were made from the original plaster cast. The first went to the Massachusetts garden, and now resides in the Ryerson Conservation Area in Deerfield, Illinois. The second was sent to Washington, D.C., and is now located in Reading, Pennsylvania. The third was purchased by a family in Lake Forest and has never relocated. The fourth and most famous statue was bought by Lucy Boyd Trosdal of Savannah, Georgia, who named it "Little Wendy" and set it up at her family's plot in Bonaventure Cemetery. Judson donated the original plaster model to the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois.

The Bonaventure Cemetery statue sat virtually unnoticed until 1993, when Random House hired Savannah photographer Jack Leigh to shoot an image for the cover of John Berendt's new book, Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil. At the suggestion of Berendt, Leigh searched the Bonaventure Cemetery for a suitable subject. He found the sculpture next to a grave site at the end of his second day of searching, and had to make the shot quickly as dusk approached. He reportedly spent ten hours in the darkroom adjusting the lighting, giving the photo a moonlit feel and accentuating the halo around the statue's head.

The cover image was an immediate hit, and Berendt called it "one of the strongest book covers I've ever seen." Published in 1994, the book became a bestseller, and soon people began flocking to Bonaventure Cemetery to see the sculpture. Due to concern about the amount of traffic at the grave site, it was removed from the cemetery and later loaned to the Telfair Museum of Art in Savannah for public display.

In 1995, Judson's daughter Alice Judson Hayes (aka Alice Ryerson Hayes) had a fifth bronze statue created from a mold. That statue was given to The Ragdale Foundation artists' retreat in Lake Forest. Later, an authorized fiberglass replica was made from the original plaster model for use by Macy's in their display windows; it was later moved to a museum in Savannah. Hayes holds the copyright for the Bird Girl, and has actively defended it by filing lawsuits against unauthorized reproductions, especially full sized replicas. She destroyed the mold that was used to cast the 1995 replica, although the original plaster model still exists. Hayes has licensed smaller scale replicas of the sculpture, which have sold well.

Warner Bros produced a film adaptation of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil in 1997, directed by Clint Eastwood. After purchasing the rights to use the sculpture's likeness from Hayes, the studio created a fiberglass replica. The movie incorporated shots of the Bird Girl sculpture on its posters and in the film itself. After the film was completed the replica was sent to the Cliff Dwellers Club in Chicago, Illinois.

Leigh sued Warner Bros in November of 1997 for copyright infringement over their shots of the Bird Girl replica in the cemetery, which were similar to Leigh's original cover photograph. The courts ruled that the movie's sequences with the statue were not infringement, but an appeals court found that the photographs used for promotional purposes, such as posters, bore significant similarities and remanded the matter back to the lower courts. Warner Bros and Leigh then settled out of court for an undisclosed amount.

Sylvia Shaw Judson died in 1978. Although she did not see her Bird Girl sculpture achieve fame, she was already a renowned sculptor whose pieces have been on display in such locations as the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the White House, and the Massachusetts State House. Jack Leigh died of cancer on May 19 2004, and is buried in Bonaventure Cemetery, the very place where he took his most famous photograph.

External links

• Site dedicated to The Bird Girl (http://www.thebirdgirl.com/story.html)
• Savannah city web site about the sculpture, book and movie (http://www.savannahgeorgia.com/midnight.htm)
• Bird Girl info and Sylvia Shaw Judson bio (http://www.askart.com/artist/J/sylvia_shaw_judson.asp?ID=77561)
• Letter by Alice Hayes regarding Bird Girl replicas (http://www.cliff-chicago.org/birdgirl.html)
• Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil production interview (http://goodandevil.warnerbros.com/cmp/prodinterview.html) with production designer Henry Bumstead.
• Message board posts with info about Jack Leigh (http://www.photo.net/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=008bFm), including details about the Bird Girl photo, his photographic technique, and his lawsuit against Warner Bros.
• Good and Evil image maker dies (http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/06/07/1086460233798.html?from=storyrhs&oneclick=true)