Bhaisajyaguru
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Bhaisajyaguru (薬師 Ch. Yàoshī, Jp. Yakushi), more formally Bhaisajyaguruvaiduryaprabha (Jp. 薬師瑠璃光如来 Yakushirorikō nyorai) and also known as the Master of Healing or Medicine Buddha, is the Buddha of healing. His full name means "Medicine Master Lapis Lazuli Light". In Mahayana Buddhism, Bhaisajyaguru represents the healing aspect of the historical Buddha Sakyamuni.
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Origin
Bhaisajyaguru is described in the eponymous Bhaisajyaguru-sutra (Jp. 薬師経 Yakushi-kyō) as bodhisattva who made and fulfilled 12 vows, two of them related to healing. On achieving Buddhahood, he became the Buddha of the realm of Vaiduryanirbhasa (Jp. 浄瑠璃 Jōruri) in the eastern quarter, where he is attended to by the bodhisattvas Nikko and Gakko. Yakushi is notably absent from the Mandala of the Two Realms, but is one of the Thirteen Buddhas.
Iconography
Bhaisajyaguru is typically depicted seated, wearing monk's robes, with a blue-colored jar of medicine in his left hand and the right hand resting on his right knee, holding the stem of the aurara plant between thumb and first finger. Image of Medicine Buddha (http://www.fpmt-osel.org/gallery/medicine.htm)
Role in Japan
Starting in the 7th century Yakushi has been the object of a popular cult in Japan, largely supplanting the previous cult of Ashuku (Akshobhya). Some of Yakushi's role has been taken over by Jizo (Ksitigarbha), but Yakushi still presides over the Japanese Buddhist memorial service to dead.
Role in Tibet
The practice of Medicine Buddha, the Supreme Healer (or Sangye Menla in Tibetan) is not only a very powerful method for healing and increasing healing powers both for oneself and others, but also for overcoming the inner sickness of attachment, hatred, and ignorance, thus to meditate on the Medicine Buddha can help decrease physical and mental illness and suffering.
Tibetan Buddhists consider the Medicine Buddha Empowerment to be the most powerful blessing for healing, dispelling sickness and for awakening the innate healing wisdom that lies within every individual.
The Mantras
This is the long version of the Medicine Buddha Mantra:
Om Namo Bhagavate Bhaisajyaguru Vaidurya Prabharajaya Tathagataya Arhate Samyak Sambuddhaya Tadyatha Om Bekaja Bekaja Maha bekaja bekaja Raja Samudgate Soha
Phonetically, it sounds like:
Om Nah Moe Bah-ga-va-tay Bye-Saya-guru Vye-Dur-Yah Proba-Raja-Yah, Tata-Gata-Yah, Arh-Ha-Tay, Sam-Yak-Sam Buddha-Yah Tay-Ya-Tah Om Bay-Kah-Jay Bay-Ka-Jay Mah-Hah Bay-Kah-Jay Bay-Ka-Jay Rah-Jah Sah-Moo-gah-tay, So-hah!
This is the short version of the Medicine Buddha Mantra, which is known as the Medicine Budddha Heart Mantra:
Tayata Om Bhaykandze Bhaykandze Maha Bhaykandze Bhaykandze Radza Samudgate Soha
Phonetically, it sounds like:
Tah-yah-tah OM, beck-and-zay beck-and-zay, mah-hah beck-and-zay beck-and-zay, rod-zah sah-moo-gah-tay, so-hah!
Medicine Buddha Resources (http://www.dharma-haven.org/tibetan/medicine-buddha.htm)
The Medicine Buddha Mantra in Tibetan Buddhism
The Tibetan Buddhist tradition has the mantra transliterated and pronounced as the following:
Medicine Buddha Long Mantra:
OM NAMO BHAGAVATE BHEKHANDZYE/ GURU BAIDURYA/ PRABHA RADZAYA/ TATHAGATAYA/ ARHATE SAMYAKSAM BUDDHAYA/ TADYATHA/ OM BHEKHANDZYE BHEKHANDZYE MAHA BHEKHANDZYE [BHEKHANDZYE]/ RADZA SAMUDGATE SVAHA (the word in parenthesis is optional; i.e. the mantra can be recited with or without it)
Medicine Buddha Short Mantra:
TADYATHA/ OM BHEKHANDZYE BHEKANDZYE MAHA BHEKHANDZYE [BHEKHANDZYE]/ RADZA SAMUDGATE SVAHA
The Medicine Buddha mantra is held to be extremely powerful for healing of physical illnesses and purification of negative karma. One form of practice based on the Medicine Buddha is done when one is striken by disease. The patient is to recite the long Medicine Buddha mantra 108 times over a glass of water. The water is now believed to be blessed by the power of the mantra and the blessing of the Medicine Buddha himself, and the patient is to drink the water. The practice should be repeated each day until the illness is cured.
Tibetan Buddhism also teaches that the Medicine Buddha mantra can be used to liberate the animals one eats. The practice involves reciting the Medicine Buddha mantra and then blowing on the meat. It is held that the dead animal, wherever it has been reborn, will be liberated from its suffering and reborn into a happy existence.