Animal husbandry
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Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. As such, it is a vital skill for farmers, and in many ways as much art as it is science. The science of animal husbandry, called animal science, is taught in many universities and colleges around the world. Students of animal science may pursue degrees in veterinary medicine following graduation, or go on to pursue master's degrees or doctorates in disciplines such as nutrition, genetics and breeding, or reproductive physiology. Graduates of these programs may be found working in the veterinary and human pharmaceutical industries, the livestock and pet supply and feed industries, or in academia.
It is one of the oldest world professions. It is also mentioned in the Bible as the first task given by God to Adam: to name and care for the Garden of Eden and the animals (Genesis 2:19-20).
Historically, certain sub-professions within the field of Animal Husbandry are specifically named according to the animals which are cared for.
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A swineherd is a person who cares for hogs and pigs (older English term: swine). A shepherd is a person who cares for sheep. A goatherd cares for goats. A cowherd cares for cattle. In previous years, it was common to have herds which were made up of sheep and goats. In this case, the person tending them was called a shepherd.
In more modern times, cowboys (or in Spanish: gauchos) ride horses and participate in cattle drives to watch over cows and bulls raised primarily for food.
Today, herd managers often oversee thousands of animals and many staff. Farms and ranches may employ breeders, herd health specialists, feeders, and milkers to help care for the animals. Techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are frequently used not only as methods to guarantee that females are bred but to help improve herd genetics. This in turn improves the ability of the animals to convert feed to meat, milk, or fiber more efficiently and improve the quality of the final product.
Ethical Implications of Animal Husbandry
Some techniques of animal husbandry such as factory farming have been attacked by animal welfare groups such as Compassion In World Farming and farmers who use more traditional or organic practices.
The animal rights movement has been most vocal in its criticism of systems of animal agriculture. Many within the movement consider it as a violation of the rights of nonhuman individuals and therefore unethical. Proponents of animal rights philosophies tend to advocate a rejection of animal husbandry and instead promote veganism. They would argue the term 'animal husbandry' is a pejorative term which helps create a misleading, benevolent paradigm of human-animal interaction.
The controversial ethical philosopher Peter Singer regards animal husbandry as unethical in its current form (especially in the western context of factory farming and the high avaliablity of nutrious plant foods), as it fails to take into account the interests of animals on an equal footing with human interests (speciesism), while causing immense suffering for trivial gains.
Some domesticated species of animals, such as the vechur cow, are endangered, and are the subject of conservation efforts.
Related Topics
- Factory farming
- Breeder
- Horse breeding
- Dog breeding
- Cuniculture
- Aquaculture
- Beekeeping
- Shepherding
- Pastoral nomads
- Transhumance
eo:Bredado fr:Élevage io:Edukado ja:畜産 pt:Pecuária sv:Djurskötsel zh:畜牧业