Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov
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Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov (Алексей Григорьевич Стаханов in Russian) (3 January 1906–1977) was a miner in the Soviet Union, Hero of Socialist Labor (1970), and a member of the CPSU (1936). He became a celebrity in 1935 as part of a movement that was intended to increase worker productivity and demonstrate the superiority of socialist economic system.
Stakhanov was born in Lugovaya near Oryol. In 1927, he began working in a mine "Tsentralnaya-Irmino" in a town of Kadievka (Donbass). In 1933, Stakhanov was made a jackhammer operator. In 1935, he took a local course in mining. On August 31, 1935, it was reported that he had mined a record 102 tons of coal in 5 hours and 45 minutes (14 times his quota). On September 19, Stakhanov was reported to have set a new record by mining 227 tons of coal in a single shift.
In 1936-1941, Stakhanov became a student at the Industrial Academy in Moscow. In 1941-1942, he was appointed director of a mine №31 in Karaganda. Between 1943 and 1957, Stakhanov worked in the Ministry of Coal Industry of the USSR. In 1957-1959, he was deputy director of the Chistyakovantratsit trust, and after that, assistant chief engineer at the mine management office №2/43 of the Torezantratsit trust until his retirement in 1974.
Stakhanov was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st convocation. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner and numerous medals. The last Sunday of August was designated "Coal Miner's Day", also apparently in his honor.
Stakhanov was celebrated as a "model Soviet worker" as part of an effort to encourage workers and peasants to surpass their own quotas. Stakhanov's records set an example throughout the country and gave birth to the Stakhanovite movement.
Validity questioned
Stakhanov's story has often been reported in the United States as an example of Soviet propaganda. For example, in 1985, The New York Times printed a story reporting that though Stakhanov had indeed succeeded in his feat, it was only because the Communist Party had pre-arranged the event as a way of boosting public morale, with many other miners working to help Stakhanov beat the mining record. The Times quoted the chief of the Tsentralnaya-Irmino mine's branch of the Party, Konstantin G. Petrov, as saying that "I suppose Stakhanov need not have been the first... It could have been anybody else. In the final analysis it was not the individual face-worker who determined whether the attempt to break the record would succeed, but the new system of coal extraction."1 Other sources have questioned whether the event occurred at all. In the context of the Cold War, however, these skeptical stories may themselves be forms of propaganda.
Notes
Note 1: Serge Schmemann, "In Soviet, Eager Beaver's Legend Works Overtime," New York Times (31 Aug 1985), p. 2.fr:Alexeï Grigorievitch Stakhanov pl:Alieksiej Grigoriewicz Stachanow