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- Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...he scientific revolution was the publication of ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' by [[Nicolaus ...
3: ...nly were there major theoretical and experimental developments, but even more importantly, the way in ...
7: ...as; some of the rancor and cross-purposes in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these ...
9: ...tially as it is understood and practiced in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other nar...
15: ... (This and Galen's anatomy, though largely superseded by later work, are none the less important contr... - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
7: ...rthenware and porcelain to decorative tiles and modern sculptures, reflecting both functional and aest...
10: ...cement, leading to more uniform and sophisticated designs.
17: *Hand-Building: This includes pinching, coiling, and slab building. It's one o...
19: ...is popular for making bowls, vases, and other rounded forms.
21: ... making it easier to produce multiple copies of a design. - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: The materials definition of a '''glass''' is a uniform [[amorphous...
3: ...ed the word ''glaes'' to describe [[amber]], recorded by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] historians as ''glaesu...
5: ...glasses in common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...d with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to a great many uses of gl...
13: ...ommon glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which... - Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
7: ...]], now suggests that Neanderthal humans may have developed a sophisticated and more complicated artis...
9: ...ron]] and [[manganese]] and indicates that it was decorated by someone and used as a figurine, regardl...
12: ...objects, like the paddles from [[Tybrind Vig]], [[Denmark]], are known as well.
15: ... by impressing the wet clay with braided or unbraided cord and sticks with a growing sophistication. S...
20: ... style are to be classified as art is a matter of definition. - Iconography (7643 bytes)
1: ...00px|''[[Salvator Mundi]]'' is an [[iconography]] depicting [[Christ]] with his right hand raised in [...
2: ...[symbolism|symbolically]] mean more than a simple depiction of the person involved.
4: ...ms of change, the flower of new life, the fire of destruction, etc.). The many heads, eyes, feet, and ...
6: ...[[Old Testament]] scriptures against the material depiction of the immaterial [[God]] is overturned in...
8: ...irement of the iconographer in order to correctly depict the spiritual realm. For the [[Eastern Orthod... - Heraldry (23465 bytes)
1: ...r [[jousting|jousts]] and to describe the various devices they carried or [[paint]]ed on their [[shiel...
3: ...ster. Dexter ("right" in [[Latin]]) is the left side of the shield, and sinister ("left") is the right...
5: ...he shield is immaterial and different artists can depict the same coat of arms on many different shape...
7: ...use bold, vivid colours rather than [[pastel]] shades.
9: ...plete depiction of a coat-of-arms, the crest is a design affixed to the [[helmet]]. Crests can also be... - Blast furnace (4721 bytes)
4: ...clear whether the blast furnace was independently developed there, or whether the technology was trans...
6: ...ource]], and the use of a [[coal]]-derived fuel made blast furnace-based iron smelting significantly l...
15: ...chemically to produce pure iron and [[carbon dioxide]], which leaks out of the furnace at the top.
17: ...into [[calcium oxide]] and additional carbon dioxide:
21: The calcium oxide reacts with various acidic impurities in the iron... - Dye (6033 bytes)
1: A '''dye''' can generally be described as a [[colour]]ed substance that has an [[...
3: [[Archaeology|Archaeological]] evidence shows that, particularly in [[India]] and the ...
9: The first man-made [[organic]] dye, [[mauveine]], was discovered by ...
13: ...e for wool and silk. Usually [[acetic acid]] is added to the dyebath to help the uptake of the dye ont...
15: ...int]], with the addition of either [[sodium chloride]] (NaCl) or [[sodium sulphate]] (Na<sub>2</sub>SO... - Weaving (6924 bytes)
1: ...rn), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including [[tapestry|tapestries]].
3: ...heir fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
5: ...dye]]d before weaving is called [[ikat]]. Fabric decorated using a wax resist method is called [[bati...
9: .... The weft thread crosses the warp in some over/under sequence. The nature of that sequence gives rise...
11: ...rsely, if the warp is spread out, the weft can slide down and completely cover the warp, giving a ''we... - Marco Polo (6716 bytes)
1: ... January]] [[1324]]) was a [[Venice|Venetian]] trader and [[exploration|explorer]] who, together with ...
5: ...affio'') were prosperous merchants in the East trade. The two merchants set out to [[Asia]] in [[1255]...
7: ...ed prominence in Venice and are historically recorded as Venetians.
13: ... more advanced than similar contemporary European developments.
18: ...nt the few months of his imprisonment dictating a detailed account of his travels in the then-unknown ... - Ponce De Leon (5480 bytes)
2: ...] by appointment of the Spanish Crown. He is regarded as the first [[Europe]]an known to have visited ...
4: ...m and to which the natives had no immunity. Ponce de León, however, became rich while serving as Gove...
6: ...right|thumb|Cacique Agueybana greeting Juan Ponce de León]]
7: ...d been damaged. Not wishing to serve Diego, Ponce de León obtained title to explore the areas north o...
9: ...de los Castellanos'' of [[Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas]]. - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...c actually consists of is something that is still debated today.
4: ... by way of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|m...
6: ... may be combined with it in song) is relatively modern.
10: ...s. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ..., all things were connected with each other - a mode of thought that finds its traces today in the [[o... - Map (10223 bytes)
3: ...that space. Usually, a map is a [[2D geometric model|two-dimensional, geometrically accurate represen...
7: ...itten language by several millennia. One of the oldest surviving maps, painted on a wall of the [[Cat...
9: ...y in the works of J.B. Harley, Mark Monmonier and Denis Wood.
11: ... in [[English language|English]] as "[[On Exactitude in Science]]".
13: ... internationally renowned for its comprehensively detailed work). - United Nations (29685 bytes)
1: ...f Palestine|Palestine]], have ''de facto'' independence and/or some international diplomatic recogniti...
3: ...o fulfill these obligations. The General Assembly determines admission upon recommendation of the Secu...
5: ... The name was transferred to the UN as it was founded by the victorious powers in the war as a conditi...
20: ...ebated by governments and private citizens worldwide.
24: ...ong the original signatories had been reserved, added its name later, bringing the total of original s... - Science (19868 bytes)
8: ...ce in terms of [[ontology]]: science attempts to identify what "things" in the world, their causal pow...
10: ...the empiricist tradition, we must be careful to understand that "prediction" refers to the outcome of ...
12: ...used interchangeably. Both have been subjected to devastating criticisms:
14: ...demonstrated the impossibility of a theory-independent observation language, so the very notion of tes...
15: ...steady accumulation of facts, as the empiricist model implies. - Cairo (12536 bytes)
2: ...he world. Cairo is located at 30°2' North, 31°13' East (30.03333, 31.21667). [http://earth-inf...
6: ...ere by troops sent from Cairo. ([[Mongols]], Crusaders & Ottomans are examples)
11: ...20040617.jpg|thumb|left|200px|This Envisat ASAR Wide-Swath radar multicolour composite image is focuse...
14: ...aks into three branches into the low-lying [[Nile Delta]] region.
16: ...ro is dominated by the government buildings and modern architecture, the eastern half is filled with h... - Piccolo heckelphone (2734 bytes)
1: ...[[heckelphone]], the piccolo heckelphone was intended to redress a point of weakness in the romantic o...
3: ... of [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]]'s second [[Brandenburg Concerto]], where it played the high trumpet...
5: ...trument's conicity is quite wide (though not as wide as that of a [[saxophone]]), giving it a characte...
9: ...nstrument museum. Of the rest, some may have been destroyed in the second world war, or may be in the ...
11: ...sis. It is this author's contention that were a modern version produced, it would undoubtedly be a gre... - Musical instrument (3823 bytes)
1: ....jpg|60px|left|]] A '''musical instrument''' is a device that has been constructed or modified with th...
2: ....jpg|thumb|right|175px|Picture of a Psaltery provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: The academic study of musical instruments is called ''[[org...
5: Instruments are often divided by the way in which they generate sound:
7: ...of tone production. The group is typically subdivided into [[Brass instruments|Brass]] and [[Woodwind]... - Cornett (5160 bytes)
6: ...he form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of [[ivory]] or [[wood]] with [[woodwind instrume...
8: ...ical instrument classification]] places it alongside instruments such as the [[trumpet]].
10: ...ompromise--often with the need to go on playing modern brass instruments--may use a much larger mouthp...
14: ...nd [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] wrote much of his resplendent [[Venetian polychoral style|polychoral]] music ...
16: ...ugh to be used in a consort of viols or even recorders. - Ptolemy I of Egypt (7434 bytes)
3: ...er of [[Egypt]] ([[323 BC]] - [[283 BC]]) and founder of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. In [[305 BC]] he t...
7: ...s]] and the young [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]].
9: ...sfully defended the [[Nile]] and Perdiccas was murdered by two of his subordinates. In the long wars ...
11: ...ge:Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt.jpg|thumb|right|Silver coin depicting '''Ptolemy I''' (r. [[305 BC|305]] - [[283...
13: ...her [[Menelaus]] was defeated and captured in the decisive [[Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)|Batt...
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