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- Phoenix, Arizona (34271 bytes)
46: ...water from the Salt River. Their name is derived from the [[Pima]] (Akimel O'otham) phrase, ''Ho Ho K...
49: ... and others from Wickenburg had dug a short canal from the Salt River and founded a small farming colo...
53: ...'', memorializing the birth of a new civilization from the ruins left by the Hohokam.
61: ...Hotel now stands. Miss Nellie Shaver, a newcomer from Wisconsin, was appointed as the first female sc...
65: ...nment. The bill was signed by Governor [[John C. Fremont]] on [[February 25]], [[1881]]. Phoenix wa... - Mathematician (9627 bytes)
13: ...d to prove other ideas ([[theorem]]s) that follow from the assumptions according to exact rules of [[l...
17: ...aticians are not motivated by monetary greed; the fruits of labor are not usually patentable and in ma...
21: Mathematicians differ from [[philosopher]]s in that the primary questions ...
23: ...her been proven nor disproven to logically follow from some set of assumptions, it is called a ''[[con...
27: ... of [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]]. The [[Guillaume Fran篩s Antoine, Marquis de l'H?al|Marquis de l'Hop... - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
24: *[[Jean le Rond d'Alembert]] (France, [[1717]] - [[1783]])
28: *[[Andr魍arie Amp貥]], (France, [[1775]] - [[1836]])
35: *[[Antoine Arbogast]] (France, [[1759]] - [[1803]])
38: *[[Jean-Robert Argand]] (France, [[1768]] - [[1822]])
46: *[[Michael Francis Atiyah]] (Britain, [[1929]] - ) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
9: *[[Jacob Friedrich von Abel]], (1751-1829)
55: *[[Francesco Algarotti]], (1712-1764)
62: *[[Henri-Fr餩ric Amiel]], (1821-1881)
109: *[[Georg Anton Friedrich Ast]], (1778-1841)
122: *[[Alfred Ayer|Alfred Jules Ayer]], (1910-1989){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R... - Pantheon, Rome (8255 bytes)
3: ...e the [[7th century]] AD. It is the only building from the Greco-Roman world which is completely intac...
15: The building's consecration as a church saved it from the abandonment and spoliation which befell the...
17: ...annon, and that the bronze for the baldachin came from [[Venice]].[http://gnv.fdt.net/~aabbeama/Christ...
21: ...www.beniculturali.it/default.asp?versione=Inglese&from=1] is in charge of the security and maintenance...
26: ...s in diameter). The dome is the largest surviving from antiquity, and was the largest dome in western ... - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ...aid to have come to an end following its ejection from Malta by [[Napoleon]]. The '''Sovereign Militar...
5: ...im's mother was Christian. In [[1023]], merchants from [[Amalfi]] and [[Salerno]] in [[Italy]] were gi...
9: ... by the Papacy, for example, the order was exempt from all authority save that of the Pope, and it pai...
11: [[Image:knights_hospitaller.JPG|framed|right]]
17: ...uired the estates allocated to the English tongue from [[1330]] to [[1358]]. On Rhodes, now known as t... - Alchemy (42222 bytes)
8: ...ld and silver". The Arabic therefore could derive from a purely Greek word, not Coptic, and have been ...
11: ...f [[mysticism]] and [[magic (paranormal)|magic]]. From today's perspective, their endeavours and belie...
13: ...son to separate the chemical (material) dimension from the interpretive, symbolic or philosophical one...
17: ...uml;ve interpretations of some alchemists, or the fraudulent hopes fostered by others should not dimin...
19: ...istry, which provided a more precise and reliable framework for matter transmutations and medicine, wi... - Barium (8466 bytes)
154: ...pure form. It is primarily found in and extracted from the [[mineral]] [[barite]] which is crystalized...
167: ...t does not dissolve, and is eliminated completely from the digestive tract. - Beryllium (15119 bytes)
141: ...berated when it is hit by [[alpha particle]]s, as from [[radium]] or [[polonium]] (about 30 neutrons/m...
152: .../Telescope/mirrortale/ (Beryllium related details from NASA here)] will have 18 hexagonal beryllium se...
155: ...[beryl]] and in [[emerald]]s. [[Friedrich Woehler|Friedrich W?r]] and [[Antoine Alexandre Brutus Bussy...
167: ...d to examine [[soil erosion]], [[soil formation]] from [[regolith]], the development of [[laterite|lat...
188: ... humans because very little beryllium is absorbed from the stomach and intestines. Ulcers have been se... - Bromine (8073 bytes)
140: '''Bromine''' (from Gr. ''Bromos'', meaning "stench"), is a [[chemi...
165: ...million|ppm]]), and may be economically recovered from brine wells and the [[Dead Sea]] (up to 5000 pp...
170: ...ane]]s. Even low concentrations of bromine vapor (from 10 ppm) can affect breathing, and inhalation of... - Fluorine (8588 bytes)
34: '''Fluorine''' (from L. ''fluere'', meaning "to flow"), is the [[che...
45: ... such as [[Teflon]], and in [[halon]]s such as [[Freon]]. Other uses:
49: ...luorine is used in the production of [[uranium]] (from the hexafluoride) and in more than 100 differen...
50: ...ed extensively in [[air conditioning]] and in [[refrigeration]]. [[Chlorofluorocarbon]]s have been ban...
62: ...s due to its extreme reactivity - it is separated from its compounds only with difficulty and then it ... - Hydrogen (20221 bytes)
108: '''Hydrogen''' ([[Latin]]: ''hydrogenium'', from [[Greek language|Greek]]: ''hydro'': water, ''g...
135: ...torage and transport issues), from [[bio-fuel]]s, from and into [[natural gas]] and [[diesel]] fuel. A...
138: ... ([[French language|French]] for ''water-maker'', from [[Greek language|Greek]] ''hud?, "water" and ''...
144: ... is allowed to only be at very specific distances from the proton. Modeling the hydrogen atom in this ...
149: ...minium]], water [[electrolysis]], or displacement from [[acid]]s with certain [[metal]]s. - Nitrogen (10073 bytes)
39: ...phere. It [[condensation|condenses]] at 77 K and freezes at 63 K. Liquid nitrogen is a common [[cryo...
44: ... Liquid nitrogen is produced by [[distillation]] from [[liquid air]].
53: ...air'' or ''phlogisticated air''. That there was a fraction of air that did not support [[combustion]] ...
60: ...t) and is acquired for industrial purposes by the fractional [[distillation]] of liquid air or by mech...
73: ...an|soybean plant]], can recover nitrogen directly from the atmosphere because their roots have nodules... - Oxygen (9039 bytes)
37: ...] and [[bacteria]]). The atmospheric abundance of free oxygen in later geological epochs and up to the...
42: ...spiration in animals. The word ''oxygen'' derives from two words in [[Greek language|Greek]], ''oxys''...
44: .... Liquid O<sub>2</sub> is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air. Both liquid a...
75: Oxygen derivatives are prone to form [[free radicals]], especially in metabolic processes. ... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
47: ...-efficient of [[resistance]], since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.
50: ...] and [[animal]] life. [[Diatom]]s extract silica from water to build their protective cell walls. Oth...
51: ...[Pottery]]/[[Vitreous enamel|Enamel]] - It is a refractory material used in high-temperature material ...
54: *[[Glass]] - Silica from sand is a principal component of glass. Glass c...
99: Silicon produced from this and similar processes is called ''polycrys... - Sulfur (18059 bytes)
48: ...olid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is act...
50: ...trope]]s besides S<sub>8</sub>. Removing one atom from the crown gives S<sub>7</sub>, which is respons...
59: ...r]] and as a preservative in [[wine]] and dried [[fruit]]. Because of its flammable nature, sulfur als...
62: ...]]-like process. Sulfur is absorbed by [[plant]]s from soil as the [[sulfate]] [[ion]]. Inorganic sul...
65: ...dards increasingly require sulfur to be extracted from [[fossil fuel]]s to prevent the formation of ac... - Timeline of chemical element discovery (10490 bytes)
31: ...7]] - [[Cobalt]] discovered by [[Georg Brandt]]. From the [[German language|German]] word ''kobalt'' ...
33: ... [[Nickel]] isolated from [[niccolite]] by [[Axel Fredrik Cronstedt]].
34: ...[[1753]] - [[Bismuth]] discovered by [[Claude Geoffroy Junine]]
36: ... [[Hydrogen]] discovered by [[Henry Cavendish]]. From the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''hud? (wate...
39: **[[Oxygen]] discovered by [[Joseph Priestley]]. From the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''oxus'' (ac... - Potato (22889 bytes)
21: ...y than "patata". Interestingly, [[French language|French]]-speakers call the potato ''pomme de terre''...
24: ...sts believe that the potato plant originally came from the [[Andes]]. [[Pre-Columbian]] societies of t...
26: ...the potato to England, but history suggests Sir [[Francis Drake]] as a more likely candidate. In [[158...
28: ...the 18th century the potato had become popular in France, due to the advocacy of [[Parmentier | Antoin...
30: ... have originally arrived in Ireland washed ashore from wrecked galleons of the [[Spanish Armada]] ([[1... - History of chemistry (8174 bytes)
2: ...id to begin with the distinction of [[chemistry]] from [[alchemy]] by [[Robert Boyle]] in his work ''T...
8: ...fore had an organic [[compound]] been synthesized from inorganic material. This opened a new research ...
23: ...the earth, after the exhaustion of the oil supply from [[whaling]] in the previous centuries. Systemat...
31: ...ple [[amino acid]]s, could themselves be built up from simpler molecules in a [[simulation]] of primor...
58: *[[Friedrich August Kekul頶on Stradonitz]] 1829-1896 - Theories and sociology of the history of science (16096 bytes)
7: ...ndous government support and also ongoing support from the private sector. Available methods of commun...
9: ...their peers, though a number of scholarly critics from both inside and outside the scientific communit...
13: ...as created as an institution of the government of France [[1666]], meeting in the King's library. The ...
15: ...ost-Cold War era, a decline in government funding from many countries has been met with an increase of...
22: ... painting]]s depicted events, with no commentary. From 40,000 BC to 15,000 BC.
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