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- Age of the Earth (20052 bytes)
1: ...difficult to define. This article describes the modern dating methods used to arrive at the age of the...
4: ...ved in a similar date, and some today continue to defend [[young earth creationism]] (see [http://www....
6: Few people had conceived the idea of a time that stretched far into the past befor...
9: ...of [[Russia]]n science, was one of the first to undertake this exercise, suggesting in the mid-[[18th ...
11: ...h]] naturalist the [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon|Comte du Buffon]] tried to obtain a value ... - Plate tectonics (27764 bytes)
1: ...e outermost part of the [[Earth]]'s interior is made up of two layers, the outer [[lithosphere]] and t...
3: ...ay from each other), and transform (two plates slide past one another). [[Earthquake]]s, [[volcano|vol...
5: ...r [[chemistry]], the discovery of the [[genetic code]] for [[genetics]], or [[evolution]] in [[biology...
8: ...the asthenosphere allows the tectonic plates to undergo motion in different directions.
10: ...famous. These boundaries are discussed in further detail below. - Continental drift (4518 bytes)
3: ...]. The idea of continental drift did not become widely accepted as [[theory]] until the [[1950s]] in E...
5: ...tectonics]]''' for information on current ideas underlying concepts of continental drift.
11: == Evidence for continental drift ==
14: ...ca]], and [[Antarctica]]. There is also living evidence - the same animals being found on two continen...
16: ...hich inspired [[Alfred Wegener]] to study what he defined as continental drift. - Volcano (27295 bytes)
1: ...o2.jpg|thumb|225px|left|Volcano Illustration provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
2: ...) where [[magma]] (rock of the earth's interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature...
10: ...mple. This type of volcano has a tendency to explode because it easily plugs. [[Mount Pel饝] on the i...
12: ... and ''mafic'' are sometimes substituted by the older chemistry terms "acidic" and "basic", respective...
15: ... huge quantities of lava that gradually build a wide mountain with a shield-like profile. Their lava f... - North America (12844 bytes)
4: ...timated at 454,225,000. It can be geographically defined by subtracting [[South America]] from the [[...
6: ..., but let's remain careful --> considered to include Canada and the United States, but not Mexico or a...
7: In Latin America, the Americas are considered as one continent and therefore North America i...
9: ...entral America as a region of North America, considering it too small to be a continent of its own.
14: ...theast; and the varied eastern region, which includes the [[Appalachian Mountains]], the coastal plain... - Antarctica (14761 bytes)
4: ...near the Earth's [[North Pole]] on the opposite side of the planet.
8: ...so the continent with the highest average [[altitude]], and the lowest average [[humidity]] of any con...
15: ...he continent, but [[ice]] there can last for extended time periods. Nearly all of Antarctica is cover...
24: ...ea is called [[Western Antarctica]] and the remainder [[Eastern Antarctica]], since they correspond ro...
30: ...ons, particularly those close to the continent, made territorial claims in the [[20th century]]. These... - Asia (16910 bytes)
4: ...raphy|geographically]], however, Asia is not considered a continent or a [[subcontinent]].
6: ...] (according to others, through the [[Kuma-Manych Depression]]), the [[Caspian Sea]], the [[Ural River...
12: ...Moreover, some consider that "[[Europe]]" is also derived from Akkadian as a mirror of "Asia". It bear...
24: ...[Bicontinental country]] for details about the borderline cases between Asia and Europe, Asia and Afri...
26: Asia itself is often divided in the following subregions: - United States (58223 bytes)
2: ... level of local autonomy under the [[federation|federal]] system.
12: ...deral level]];<br> [[English language|English]] [[de facto]] |
14: government_type = [[Democratic]] [[Federal republic]] |
15: ...r>[[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] |
16: leader_names = [[Joe Biden]]<br>[[Kamala Harris]] | - United Arab Emirates (10825 bytes)
2: ...ween the British and some Arab [[sheikh]]s. It borders [[Oman]] and [[Saudi Arabia]].<!--
7: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
11: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
15: ...h="165px" | <font size="-1">([[Flag of the UAE|In Detail]])</font>
32: ...on]]'''<br> - Total ([[2001]]) <br> - [[Density]] - Ghana (10910 bytes)
1: ...e. Formerly the [[Gold Coast]], the name Ghana is derived from the [[Ghana Empire]] (although its terr...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
10: ...lign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Ghana|In Detail]])
27: | '''[[President of Ghana|President]]''' - Ethiopia (20233 bytes)
1: ...e signing of the [[Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement]] in December 1944. Ethiopia was historically called Abys...
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
4: |+<big>'''Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia'''</big><br>
5: <big>'''Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik'''</big><br>
9: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" - Algeria (16548 bytes)
1: ...stern Sahara]], in the west. The name Algeria is derived from the name of the city of Algiers; from t...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...gn="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Algeria|In Detail]])
25: ...e]]''' || [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]], <small>''President''</small> - Jordan (20715 bytes)
1: ...the coastlines of the [[Gulf of Aqaba]] and the [[Dead Sea]]. Jordan's main religion is [[Islam]] and ...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...ign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Jordan|In Detail]])
12: ...ter" width="140px" | ([[Coat of Arms of Jordan|In Detail]]) - Netherlands (35958 bytes)
1: ...arch]], located in northwestern [[Europe]]. It borders the [[North Sea]] to the north and west, [[Belg...
7: native_name = Nederland |
18: government_type= [[Democracy|Dem.]] [[Constitution|const.]] [[monarchy]] |
19: leader_titles = [[Dutch monarch|Queen]]<br>[[Prime mini...
20: ...he Netherlands|Beatrix]] <br> [[Jan Peter Balkenende]] | - Madagascar (29377 bytes)
2: ...auritania]] are the only countries not to use a [[decimal currency]].
6: native_name = Republique de Madagascar <br> Repoblikan'i Madagasikara |
17: ... = [[List of Presidents of Madagascar|President]] <br> [[List of Prime Ministers of Madagascar|...
18: leader_names = [[Marc Ravalomanana]] <br> [...
22: area_magnitude = 1 E11 | - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ...ld|Western civilization]] and the birthplace of [[democracy]], Greece has a long and rich history duri...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
5: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
11: ...Σ<br>''([[Greek language|Greek]]: Freedom or Death)''
21: | '''[[List of Presidents of Greece|President]]''' || [[Karolos Papoulias|KᲯlos Papo?]] - Iraq (19222 bytes)
1: ...ingdom|British]] forces which drove the former leader [[Saddam Hussein]] and his [[Ba'ath Party]] from...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="backg...
10: ...align="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Iraq|In Detail]]) || align="center" width="140px" | ([[Coat ...
21: | '''[[President of Iraq|President]]''' || [[Jalal Talabani]] - Lebanon (34225 bytes)
2: ...along the [[Mediterranean Sea]] (on the west), bordered by [[Syria]] on the east and north, and [[Isra...
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
7: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
11: ...lign="center" width="140" | ([[Flag of Lebanon|In Detail]])
12: ...nter" width="140" | ([[Coat of Arms of Lebanon|In Detail]]) - Germany (46412 bytes)
1: ... is bordered to the north by the [[North Sea]], [[Denmark]], and the [[Baltic Sea]], to the south by [...
3: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
4: |+<big>'''Bundesrepublik Deutschland'''</big>
6: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
7: ...Germany]] || align=center width=130px| [[Image:Bundesadler.png|100px|Germany: Coat of Arms]] - Switzerland (22270 bytes)
1: ... landlocked federal state in [[Europe]], which borders [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Italy]], [[Austria]]...
3: ... example, it is used as Switzerland's [[country code top-level domain|ccTLD]], [[.ch]].
16: government_type = [[Federal republic]] |
17: leader_titles = [[Swiss Federal Council|Federal Council]]|
18: ...[[Samuel Schmid]] <small>([[President of the Confederation (Switzerland)|Pres. 2005]])</small><br>[[Mi...
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