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- Palladium (9737 bytes)
151: ...esembles [[platinum]] chemically and is extracted from some [[copper]] and [[nickel]] ores. It is prim...
172: Wollaston found element 46 in crude platinum ore from [[South America]]. He did this by dissolving th...
178: ...mounts of the metal, fearing interrupted supplies from [[Russia]]. As prices fell in early [[2001]], F...
181: ... [[nickel]]-[[copper]] deposits found in [[South Africa]] and [[Ontario]] (the huge volume of ore proc...
183: ... producing palladium in reactors or extracting it from spent nuclear fuel, see [[Synthesis of noble me... - Phosphorus (11557 bytes)
41: ...widely used in [[explosive material|explosive]]s, friction [[match]]es, [[firework]]s, [[pesticide]]s,...
49: ...ure]] of 1 atm at 170 ?C but burns from impact or frictional heating. A black phosphorus allotrope exi...
65: ...[Hennig Brand]] in [[1669]] through a preparation from [[urine]]. Working in [[Hamburg]], Brand attemp...
67: ..., suicides and accidental [[poison]]ings resulted from its use (An apocryphal tale tells of a woman at...
70: ...]] containing substances, phosphorus is not found free in nature but it is widely distributed in many ... - Selenium (9236 bytes)
189: Selenium is used to remove color from glass, as it will counteract the green color fe...
199: ...s can be processed by a number of means to obtain free selenium.
205: While free selenium is nontoxic, many of its compounds are...
208: ...of the [[thyroid]] gland. Dietary selenium comes from cereals, meat, fish, and eggs. [[Brazil nuts]] ...
210: ...atively, people dependent on food that is sourced from selenium-deficient soil are also at risk. The [... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
47: ...-efficient of [[resistance]], since the number of free charge carriers increases with temperature.
50: ...] and [[animal]] life. [[Diatom]]s extract silica from water to build their protective cell walls. Oth...
51: ...[Pottery]]/[[Vitreous enamel|Enamel]] - It is a refractory material used in high-temperature material ...
54: *[[Glass]] - Silica from sand is a principal component of glass. Glass c...
99: Silicon produced from this and similar processes is called ''polycrys... - Tantalum (11817 bytes)
145: | [[Hafnium|<sup>180</sup>Hf]]<br/>[[Wolfram|<sup>180</sup>W]]<br/><sup>180</sup>Ta
171: ...ic solutions containing the [[fluoride]] ion, and free [[sulfur trioxide]]. The element has a melting ...
178: .... Tantalum oxide is used to make special high [[refractive index]] [[glass]] for [[camera]] lenses. Th...
183: ...e level he could reach, and if he reached for the fruit, the branches moved out of his grasp. This was...
192: ...with tantalum oxide. Tantalum is also a byproduct from [[tin]] extraction. - Tellurium (8984 bytes)
177: ... Amorphous tellurium is found by precipitating it from a solution of tellurous or telluric [[acid]] (T...
190: ...cury]], to form mercury cadmium telluride, an [[infrared]] sensitive [[semiconductor]] material is for...
193: ...h") was discovered in [[1782]] by the Hungarian [[Franz-Joseph M?von Reichenstein]] (M?Ferenc) in [[Tr...
195: ...applications for tellurium, as well as its use in free-machining [[steel]], which became the dominant ...
198: ...of blister [[copper]]. It is a component of dusts from [[blast furnace]] refining of [[lead]]. - Technetium (32113 bytes)
182: ...iagnostic tests. Tc-99 is used as a [[gamma ray]]-free source of [[Beta particle|beta ray]]s, and its ...
184: ...um-235]] in [[nuclear reactor]]s and is extracted from [[nuclear fuel rod]]s. No isotope of technetium...
191: ...ion depth]], the largest among the elements apart from [[niobium]].{{inote|''Technetium as a Material ...
201: ...rtechnetate) both isotopes are quickly eliminated from the body (generally within a few days {{inote|T...
205: ... extracted to a high chemical and isotopic purity from radioactive waste. For these reasons, it is a ... - Tin (12094 bytes)
178: ...als to prevent corrosion. Tin is obtained chiefly from the [[mineral]] [[cassiterite]] where it occurs...
181: ... crystals breaking). This metal resists corrosion from [[distilled]] sea and soft [[tap water]], but c...
183: ...[chlorine]] and oxygen and displaces [[hydrogen]] from dilute acids. Tin is malleable at ordinary temp...
186: ...s [[aluminium]] and [[zinc]] and can be prevented from occurring through the addition of [[antimony]] ...
193: ... in panel lighting and in the production of frost-free [[windshield]]s. - Titanium (20884 bytes)
118: ... point]] of this element makes it useful as a [[refractory metal]]. Titanium is as strong as steel, bu...
125: ... titanium dioxide are excellent reflectors of [[infrared radiation]] and are therefore used extensivel...
143: ...amed it ''menachite''. At around the same time, [[Franz Joseph Muller]] also produced a similar substa...
145: The metal has always been difficult to extract from its various ores. Pure metallic titanium (99.9%...
147: ...ties of titanium when a European company set up a front for the US foreign intelligence agencies to pu... - Tungsten (13647 bytes)
163: ... tungsten is found in several ores including [[wolframite]] and [[scheelite]] and is remarkable for it...
185: ...Jos靝 and [[Fausto Elhuyar]] found an acid in wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. In [[Sp...
187: ...ure from both sides, because of its sources of wolframite ore. The resistance to high temperatures, as...
195: Tungsten is found in the [[mineral]]s wolframite ([[iron]]-[[manganese]] tungstate, FeW[[oxyg...
198: ...sten is +6, but it exhibits all oxidation states from −2 to +6. Tungsten typically combines wit... - Uranium (27752 bytes)
165: *beta (tetragonal) stable from 667.7 °C to 774.8 °C
166: *gamma (body-centered cubic) from 774.8 °C to melting point - this is the mos...
170: ...up>233</sup>U isotope is also fissile and is made from <sup>232</sup>[[thorium]] by [[neutron]] bombar...
184: ...natural uranium, because the [[mineral]] material from which they are made is typically high in uraniu...
191: ... was found to be [[radioactivity|radioactive]] by French physicist [[Henri Becquerel]] in [[1896]], wh... - Vanadium (13808 bytes)
112: ... alloys used in [[jet engine]]s and high-speed airframes
119: ...oxide]] (V[[oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>) can block [[infrared radiation]] (and not visible light) at some s...
124: ... to be mistaken and accepted the statement of the French chemist.
126: ...ores and later that same year [[Friedrich Woehler|Friedrich W?r]] confirmed del Rio's earlier work.
128: .../sub>) with [[hydrogen]]. The name vanadium comes from [[Vanadis]], a goddess in [[Scandinavian mythol... - Ytterbium (10684 bytes)
194: ... Welsbach]] independently isolated these elements from ytterbia at about the same time but called them...
199: ...me]]. Ytterbium is normally difficult to separate from other rare earths but [[ion-exchange]] and [[so...
204: ... isotopes of ytterbium range in [[atomic weight]] from 150.955 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (Yb-151) to 179....
207: ...ould be stored in closed containers to protect it from air and moisture. All compounds of ytterbium sh... - Zinc (12445 bytes)
183: ...[[zinc oxide]]s in calamine were reduced, and the free zinc metal was trapped by the copper, forming a...
185: ...ware of the existence of zinc as a metal separate from the seven known to the ancients. In the West, t...
187: ...that it had a separate set of chemical properties from other known metals.
204: ...s can lead to reduced sperm count and sex drive. Frequent ejaculations can lead to zinc deficiency.
207: ...nc blende]], [[smithsonite]], [[calamine]], and [[franklinite]]. - Zirconium (9876 bytes)
159: ...mbles [[titanium]], zirconium is obtained chiefly from [[zircon]] and is very corrosion resistant. Zir...
165: ... (Zr[[silicon|Si]][[oxygen|O]]<sub>4</sub>) are refractories, foundry sands (including [[Casting#Inves...
170: ...nd by the ceramic and [[glass]] industries as a refractory material.
177: Zirconium ([[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''zark?from [[Persian language|Persian]] ''zarg?meaning "go...
179: ...in a new element until Klaproth analyzed a jargon from [[Ceylon]] in the [[Indian Ocean]]. He named t... - Drum (2033 bytes)
- Gong (10121 bytes)
3: ...aped, and rest on cushions. Gongs are made mainly from [[bronze]] or [[brass]] but there are many othe...
18: ... to remove this coating. Chau gongs range in size from 7" to 80" in diameter.
28: Nipple gongs range in size from 6" to 14" or larger. Sets of smaller, tuned nip...
36: Opera gongs range in size from 7" to 12", with the larger of a pair one or two...
54: ... to large in size, typically 15" to 22" but sizes from 7" to 40" are available. - Triangle (instrument) (2713 bytes)
2: ...orners by a piece of thin wire or gut, leaving it free to vibrate. It is usually struck with a metal b...
4: ...instrument are unknown, but a number of paintings from the [[Middle Ages]] depict the instrument being...
8: ...piece to make the triangle really prominent was [[Franz Liszt]]'s Piano Concerto No. 1, where it is us...
12: Most difficulties in playing the triangle come from the complex rhythms which are sometimes written... - Washboard (2078 bytes)
2: ...musical instrument]]s, the '''Washboard''' and '''Frottoir''' employ the ribbed metal surface of the c...
4: ...in a wooden frame while the frottoir is made only from the metal ribbing and is hung around the neck a...
6: The frottoir or vest frottoir (from Cajun French "vest to be rubbed") is played as a stroked [...
15: ...e-openers) in each hand. In a 4-beat measure, the Frottoir will be stroked 8 to 16 times. It plays mor... - Siberian Husky (8100 bytes)
66: ...re normally rather healthy dogs, living typically from eleven to fifteen years of age. Health issues i...
69: ...ore enduring than the 100 120 pound (45 to 54 kg) freighting dogs then in general use, they immediatel...
71: ...un to Nome]] which delivered [[diphtheria]] serum from Nenana by dogsled after the city was stricken b...
79: Apart from dogsled racing, they are very popular for recre...
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