Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland
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The Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland ("Central Council of Jews in Germany") is a federation of German Jews organizing many Jewish organisations in Germany. It was founded on July 19, 1950 as a response to the increasing isolation of German Jews by the international Jewish community and increasing interest in Jewish affairs by the (West) German government. Originally based in the Rheinland (Düsseldorf and Bonn), it currently has its seat in Berlin. The Jewish community in Germany has around 100,000 registered members. From its early years, the organization has received strong financial and moral support from the government.
In its early years, its leadership was composed of native German Jews, while most of the Jewish community in Germany was made up of Polish-born Jewish Holocaust survivors who had come to Germany as displaced persons, fleeing from the anti-semitic communist regime of Poland. Thus, the organization called itself "Central Council of Jews in Germany" rather than "Central Council of German Jews." Over time, the Polish-born Jews or their children acculturated to German society and became leaders of the Jewish community. By the late 1980s, the organization considered changing its name. Since the collapse of communism in eastern Europe, Germany has experienced a massive influx of Russian and other post-Soviet Jews. Although most of the Jews now living in Germany are recent immigrants, the organization is dominated by the traditional "German" Jews (who themselves are primarily descended from the eastern European immigrants of the immediate postwar years).
At various times in its history, the organization has faced corruption scandals, most notably under the administration of Werner Nachmann involving financial irregularities. After his death, Heinz Galinski, the chairman of the West Berlin Jewish community for 43 years, assumed the leadership of the Zentralrat and brought it stability and respectability. Under Ignatz Bubis, the Zentralrat assumed a much greater profile in German public life, and the Jewish community's leadership felt increasingly confident weighing in on public debates concerning Holocaust memory and German identity. In more recent years, the division between more observant and more liberal Jews has strained the organization, which remains (or claims to be) the sole representative of the Jewish community in Germany and generally supports strict observance. In April 2004, open controversy erupted between the leader of the Zentralrat der Juden, Paul Spiegel, and the leader of the more liberal organisation Union progressiver Juden in Deutschland, Jan Mühlstein. The latter demanded equal financial support from the government for his organisation.
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Chairmen/Presidents
- 1954-1963: Heinz Galinski
- 1963-1969: Herbert Lewin
- 1969-1988: Werner Nachmann
- 1988-1992: Heinz Galinski
- 1992-1999: Ignatz Bubis
- since 2000: Paul Spiegel
Secretary generals
Further reading
- Jay Howard Geller: Jews in Post-Holocaust Germany (Cambridge, 2004).
Links
- Zentralrat website: http://www.zentralratderjuden.de
- German-language Wikipedia article on Zentralrat: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralrat_der_Juden_in_Deutschland