Whale shark
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| Whale shark Conservation status: Vulnerable | ||||||||||||||
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| Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 |
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a large, distinctively marked member of the subclass Elasmobranchii of the class Chondrichthyes. It is the largest shark and also the largest fish. The greatest size accurately recorded was 14 m long, but lengths up to 20 m have been reported. It is not to be confused with the Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus), the second largest fish.
The average whale shark is around 8 m long. A member of the order Orectolobiformes, it is a filter feeder. The shark has a capacious mouth, which can be up to 1.5 m wide and contain up to 300 rows of tiny teeth, and as part of its feeding process, it also has five large pairs of gill arches. The head is, naturally, wide and also flat with the small eyes towards the front of the snout. The body is mostly grey with a white belly, but three prominent ridges run along each side and the skin is marked with a 'checkerboard' of pale yellow spots and stripes. The shark has two pairs each of dorsal fins and pectoral fins. The tail is large, with a much larger top fin than lower in juveniles but semi-lunate in adults. The spiracles are just behind the shark's eyes. The whale shark is not an efficient swimmer - with the entire body in motion, unusual for sharks, an average speed of around 5 km/h is achieved.
The shark feeds on phytoplankton, macro-algae, and planktonic (plankton, krill) or nektonic life (small squid or vertebrates). The many rows of teeth playing no role in feeding. Instead, water is actively drawn into the mouth and passes over gill rakers and then out through the gill arches. Any material caught in the rakers is swallowed. The shark can circulate up to 6000 liters of water every hour but they are active feeders and target concentrations of plankton or fish by olfactory cues rather than 'vacuuming' constantly.
The whale shark is a tropical and warm water fish, operating near the surface (benthic) mostly in coastal waters throughout the world, except the Mediterranean. Its range is restricted to about ?30 ° latitude. The shark is solitary and only rarely seen in groups. It is believed to be migratory but on what scale is uncertain (transoceanic has been suggested).
Like most sharks the reproductive habits of the whale shark are obscure. It was believed to be oviparous based on a single egg recovered off Mexico in 1956, but the capture of a pregnant female in 1995 containing 300 young indicates that they are viviparous with ovoviviparous development - i.e., the eggs remain in the body and the females give birth to live 40-60 cm young. It is believed that they reach sexual maturity at around 30 years and the life span has been variously estimated at 60 to 150 years.
Rhincodon_typus.jpg
The species was first identified in 1828 off the coast of South Africa. The family Rhincodontidae was not finalized until 1984.
The whale shark is fished for off Taiwan and in the Philippines. The population is unknown and the species is considered vulnerable by the IUCN. Whale sharks are known to frequent the waters off Donsol in Sorsogon province of the Philippines. A whale shark is also featured as the main attraction of Osaka Aquarium Kaiyukan.
In popular culture, this species is the leading example when it is explained that not all sharks are dangerous to humans. Nature documentaries frequently show footage of divers keeping pace with the giant fish, and the shark pays them no mind.
External links
- Whale Shark Project (http://www.whalesharkproject.org)
- Whale sharks (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2251464.stm)
- MarineBio: Whale shark, Rhincodon typus (http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=47)
- TimeAsia.com: Best of Asia, Best Animal Encounter (http://www.time.com/time/asia/2004/boa/boa_soul_donsoll.html)
Clipart and Animal Pictures
- Clipart (https://classroomclipart.com/image/category/clipart.htm)
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- Pictures of Marine Animals (http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?direct=Animals/Marine_Life)
- Pictures of Whales (http://classroomclipart.com/cgi-bin/kids/imageFolio.cgi?direct=Animals/Marine_Life/Whales)
| Shark articles | |
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| Angel | Basking | Blacktip Reef | Blue | Bull | Carpet | Cat | Cookiecutter | Freshwater | Frilled | Goblin | Gray Reef | Grey Nurse | Great White | Hammerhead | Mako | Megamouth | Nurse | Oceanic Whitetip | Porbeagle | Requiem | River | Sand | Sandbar | Saw | Silky | Sleeper | Smooth dogfish | Thresher | Tiger | Whale (shark) | Whitetip reef | Wobbegong | Zebra / Leopard | |
| Extinct shark species | |
| Megalodon | Cladoselache | Squalicorax
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