User:Vergina/Alexander I King of Macedonia

• Alexander I King of Macedonia:'"...but I am myself a Greek by descent, and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery." "...I am Alexander of Macedon"!

• HERODOTUS BOOK IX,45,(KALLIOPI)

45-They at once, hearing this, made haste to the outpost, where they found Alexander, who addressed them as follows:"Men of Athens, that which I am about to say I trust to your honour; and I charge you to keep it secret from all excepting Pausanias, if you would not bring me to destruction. Had I not greatly at heart the common welfare of Greece, I should not have come to tell you; but I am myself a Greek by descent, and I would not willingly see Greece exchange freedom for slavery. Know then that Mardonius and his army cannot obtain favourable omens; had it not been for this, they would have fought with you long ago. Now, however, they have determined to let the victims pass unheeded, and, as soon as day dawns, to engage in battle. Mardonius, I imagine, is afraid that, if he delays, you will increase in number. Make ready then to receive him. Should he however still defer the combat, do you abide where you are; for his provisions will not hold out many more days. If ye prosper in this war, forget not to do something for my freedom; consider the risk I have run, out of zeal for the Greek cause, to acquaint you with what Mardonius intends, and to save you from being surprised by the barbarians. I am Alexander of Macedon."

As soon as he had said this, Alexander rode back to the camp, and returned to the station assigned him.

• In Macedonian Language.

45.Οι δε έπει ταύτα ήκουσαν, αυτίκα είποντο ες τάς φύλακας. Άπικομένοισι δε έλεγε Αλέξανδρος τάδε' "Άνδρες Αθηναίοι, παραθήκην υμίν τα έπεα τάδε τίθεμαι, απόρρητα ποιεύμενος προς μηδένα λέγειν υμέας άλλον ή Παυσανίην, μη με και διαφθείρητε• ου γαρ αν έλεγον, ει μη μεγάλως έκηδόμην συναπάσης της Ελλάδος• αυτός τε γαρ Έλλην γένος ειμί τώρχαίον, και άντ' ελευθέρης δεδουλωμένην ουκ αν έθέλοιμι όραν την Ελλάδα. Λέγω δε ων ότι Μαρδονίω τε και τη στρατιή τα σφάγια ου δύναται καταθύμια γενέσθαι" πάλαι γαρ αν έμάχεσθε• νυν δε οι δέδοκται τα μεν σφάγια εάν χαίρειν, άμα ήμέρη δε διαφωσκούση συμβολήν ποιέεσθαι' κα-ταρρώδηκε γαρ μη πλέονες συλλεχθήτε, ως εγώ εικάζω. Προς ταύτα ετοιμάζεστε. ην δε άρα υπερβάληται την συμβολήν Μαρδόνιος και μη ποιήται, λιπαρέετε μένοντες• όλιγέων γαρ σφι ήμερέων λείπεται αιτία. Ην δε υμίν ο πόλεμος όδε κατά νόον τελευτήση, μνησθήναί τίνα χρή και έμέο έλευθερώσιος περί, ός Ελλήνων είνεκα έργον ούτω παράβολον έργασμαι υπό προθυμίης, έθέλων υμίν δηλώσαι την διάνοιαν την Μαρδονίου, ίνα μη έπιπέσωσι υμίν εξαίφνης οι βάρβαροι μη προσδεκομέ-νοισί κω. Ειμί δε Αλέξανδρος ό Μακεδών." Ό μεν ταύτα είπας άπήλαυνε οπίσω ες το στρατόπεδον και την έωυτού τάξιν.

. . . . . . . . . .

• HERODOTUS:BOOK VIII,43(URANIA)

43.Now these were the nations who composed the Grecian fleet. From the Peloponnese, the following- the Lacedaemonians with six, teen ships; the Corinthians with the same number as at Artemisium; the Sicyonians with fifteen; the Epidaurians with ten; the Troezenians with five; and the Hermionians with three. These were Dorians and Macedonians all of them (except those from Hermione), and had emigrated last from Erineus, Pindus, and Dryopis. The Hermionians were Dryopians, of the race which Hercules and the Malians drove out of the land now called Doris. Such were the Peloponnesian nations.

• In Macedonian Language.

43.Έστρατεύοντο δε οίδε.Ε'κ μεν Πελοποννήσου..Λακεδαιμόνιοι εκκαίδεκα νέας παρεχόμενοι, Κορίνθιοι δε το αυτό πλήρωμα παρεχόμενοι το καί επ' Άρτεμισίω• Σικυώνιοι δε πεντεκαίδεκα παρείχοντο νέας, Έπιδαύριοι δε δέκα, Τροιζήνιοι δε πέντε, Έρμιονέες δε τρείς, έόντες ούτοι πλήν Έρμιονέων Δωρικόν τε και Μακεδνόν έθνος, εξ Έρινεού τε και Πίνδου και της Δρυοπίδος ύστατα ορμηθέντες. Οι δε Έρμιονέες εισί Δρύοπες, υπό Ήρα-κλέος τε και Μηλιέων εκ της νυν Δωρίδος καλεομένης χώρης έξαναστάντες.

• HERODOTUS BOOK:V,20,21,22.(TERPSIHORI)

20."Methinks, dear Persians, that your entertainment has fallen short in nothing. We have set before you all that we had ourselves in store, and all that we could anywhere find to give you- and now, to crown the whole, we make over to you our sisters and our mothers, that you may perceive yourselves to be entirely honoured by us, even as you deserve to be- and also that you may take back word to the king who sent you here, that there was one man, a Greek, the satrap of Macedonia, by whom you were both feasted and lodged handsomely." So speaking, Alexander set by the side of each Persian one of those whom he had called Macedonian women, but who were in truth men. And these men, when the Persians began to be rude, despatched them with their daggers.

21.So the ambassadors perished by this death, both they and also their followers. For the Persians had brought a great train with them, carriages, and attendants, and baggage of every kind- all of which disappeared at the same time as the men themselves. Not very long afterwards the Persians made strict search for their lost embassy; but Alexander, with much wisdom, hushed up the business, bribing those sent on the errand, partly with money, and partly with the gift of his own sister Gygaea, whom he gave in marriage to Bubares, a Persian, the chief leader of the expedition which came in search of the lost men. Thus the death of these Persians was hushed up, and no more was said of it.

22.Now that the men of this family are Greeks, sprung from Perdiccas, as they themselves affirm, is a thing which I can declare of my own knowledge, and which I will hereafter make plainly evident. That they are so has been already adjudged by those who manage the Pan-Hellenic contest at Olympia. For when Alexander wished to contend in the games, and had come to Olympia with no other view, the Greeks who were about to run against him would have excluded him from the contest- saying that Greeks only were allowed to contend, and not barbarians. But Alexander proved himself to be an Argive, and was distinctly adjudged a Greek; after which he entered the lists for the foot-race, and was drawn to run in the first pair. Thus was this matter settled.

• In Macedonian Language.

20.έσω, παράγων δε τούτους έλεγε τοίσι Πέρσησι τάδε• Ώ Πέρσαι, οίκατε πανδαισίη τελείη ιστιήσθαι• τα τέ γαρ άλλα όσα είχομεν και προς τα οία τε ην εξευρόντας παρέχειν, πάντα υμίν πάρεστι, και δη και τόδε το πάντων μέγιστον, τας τε εαυτών μητέρας καϊ τάς άδελφεάς έπιδαψιλευόμεθα υμίν, ώς παντελέως μάθητε τιμώμενοι προς ημέων των πέρ εστε άξιοι, προς δε καί βασιλέι τω πέμψαντι απαγγείλητε ώς άνήρ Ελλην, Μακεδόνων ύπαρχος, εύ υμέας εδέξατο και τραπέζη και κοίτη. ταύτα είπας Αλέξανδρος παρίζει Πέρση άνδρί άνδρα Μακεδόνα ώς γυναίκα τω λόγω. οι δέ, επείτε σφέων οι Πέρσαι ψαύειν επειρώντο, διεργάζοντο αυτούς.

21. Καί ούτοι μεν τούτω τω μόρω δίεφθάρησαν, και αυτοί. καί

ή θεραπηίη αυτών είπετο γαρ δη σφι και οχήματα καί θεράποντεςί και ή πάσα πολλή παρασκευή• πάντα, δη ταύτα άμα πάσι εκείνοισί ηφάνιστο. μετά δε χρόνω ου πολλώ ύστερον ζήτησις των αν'δρών τούτων μεγάλη εκ των Περσέων εγίνετο, και σφέας Αλέξανδρος κατέλαβε σοφίη, χρήματα τε δούς πολλά καί την εαυτού αδελφέην τη ούνομα ην Γυγαίη- δούς δε ταύτα κατέλαβε ό ʼλέξανδρος Βουβάρη ανδρί Πέρση, τωνδιζημένων τους απολομένους τω στρατηγώ. ο μεν νυν των Περσέωνν τούτων θάνατος ούτω καταλαμφθείς εσιγήθη.

22. Ελληνας δε είναι τούτους τους από Περδίκκεω γεγονότας,κατά περ αυτοί λέγουσι, αύτός τε ούτω τυγχάνω επιστάμενος και δη και εν τοίσι λόγοισι αποδέξω ώς εισί Έλληνες. προς δε και οί των εν Όλυμπίη διέποντες αγώνα Έλλήνων ούτω έγνωσαν είναι. ʼλεξάνδρου γαρ αεθλεύειν ελομένου και καταβάντος επ' αυτό τούτο οι αντιθευσόμενοι Ελλήνων έξεργόν μίν, φάμενοι ου βαρβάρων άγωνιστέων είναι τον αγώνα άλλά Έλλήνων. Αλέξανδρος δε επειδή απέδεξε ώς είη ʼργείος, εκρίθη τε είναι "Ελλην και αγωνιζόμενος στάδιον συνέπιπτε τω πρώτω. ταύτα μεν νύν ούτω κη εγένετο.

. . . . . . . . .

HERODOTUS:BOOK I,56(KLIO)

56.Of all the answers that had reached him, this pleased him far the best, for it

seemed incredible that a mule should ever come to be king of the Medes, and so he concluded that the sovereignty would never depart from himself or his seed after him. Afterwards he turned his thoughts to the alliance which he had been recommended to contract, and sought to ascertain by inquiry which was the most powerful of the Grecian states. His inquiries pointed out to him two states as pre-eminent above the rest. These were the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians, the former of Doric, the latter of Ionic blood. And indeed these two nations had held from very, early times the most distinguished place in Greece, the being a Pelasgic, the other a Hellenic people, and the one having never quitted its original seats, while the other had been excessively migratory; for during the reign of Deucalion, Phthiotis was the country in which the Hellenes dwelt, but under Dorus, the son of Hellen, they moved to the tract at the base of Ossa and Olympus, which is called Histiaeotis; forced to retire from that region by the Cadmeians, they settled, under the name of Macedni, in the chain of Pindus. Hence they once more removed and came to Dryopis; and from Dryopis having entered the Peloponnese in this way, they became known as Dorians.

HERODOTUS:BOOK VIII,137(OYRANIA)

137. "...Three brothers of the lineage of Temenos came as banished men from Argos to Illyria, Gavganis and Aeropos and Perdikkas, and worked for the king that was there……

….When the king learned that when the queen baked the bread of Perdikkas, it doubled its size, than of the the other breads, he considered that as a miracle and ordered the 3 brothers to leave his kingdom. The brothers required their payment. Then the king told them to take the sun as a payment. Gavganis and Aeropos where taken by surprise and the youngest brother, Perdikkas, accepted the offer. He took out his sword, circled it 3 times and took the sun, which he placed in his underarm and left with his brothers..."

Herodot V,22

22. Thus the death of these Persians was kept concealed. And that these descendants of Perdiccas are Hellenes, as they themselves say, I happen to know myself, and not only so, but I will prove in the succeeding history that they are Hellenes.[10] Moreover the Hellanodicai, who manage the games at Olympia, decided that they were so: for when Alexander wished to contend in the games and had descended for this purpose into the arena, the Hellenes who were to run against him tried to exclude him, saying that the contest was not for Barbarians to contend in but for Hellenes: since however Alexander proved that he was of Argos, he was judged to be a Hellene, and when he entered the contest of the foot-race his lot came out with that of the first.[11]

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