User:Node ue/Sardinian language
|
|
Brief introduction to the language including anything noteworthy about the language.
| Sardinian (Sardu) | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Italy |
| Region: | Sardinia |
| Total speakers: | 1.5 million |
| Ranking: | Not in top 100 |
| Genetic classification: | Indo-European Italic |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Autonomous region of Sardinia |
| Regulated by: | Offitzia Limba Sarda, in the province of Nugoro |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | sc |
| ISO 639-2(B) | srd |
| ISO 639-2(T) | abc |
| SIL | DEF |
| Contents |
History
It would seem that there was in Sardinia one very distant linguistic substratum (from before the Phoenician and Roman erae): the "nuoragic language" (paleo-Sardinian), characterized by its its cacuminal, very particular present phoneme also there Hindi and Swedish.
Sardinia, like Italy, was conquered by Rome in 238 BC, but the Empire seems to have forgotten about it then, at least enough to not have worried about it at all. Latin was nevertheless the mother tongue of the Sardinians.
In the 5th century, the Vandals, a Scandinavian tribe who migrated during the vast migrations of the area, settled down in Sardinia. They were followed by the Arabs. Nevertheless, these peoples had little influence on the language.
For a time, Sardinia belonged to the city-state of Pisa. Then, from 1326 to 1714, it came under the dominion of Spain (Catalan, and then Castillan), which strongly influenced the language, especially in the field of administration.
In 1861, Sardinia was annexed by Italy, but in 1948, it acquired relative autonomy (it remained a region of Italy) but however important, with a regional parliament and a regional council headed by a president.
Classification
Sardinian belongs to the Romance branch of the Indo-European family of languages. It is closer to Latin than is any other Romance language, in part because of its insular isolation and lack of contact with other languages. Sardinian is said to be the most archaic and conservative of all the Romance languages.
Geographic distribution
There are currently about 1200000 speakers in Sardinia, the majority of whom are Sardinian-Italian bilingual. There are also around 300000 speakers outside of Sardinia, mostly in Rome, Italy and throughout the Sardinian diaspora around the world.
Official status
List which countries have this language as an official language or other special status.
Dialects
Sardinian has two main dialectal varieties.
- Logudorese, spoken in North-Central Sardinia, devided into three dialects:
- Northern Logudorese
- Central Logudorese or Nuorese (City of Nuoro), the most archaic
- Common Logudorese, regarded by many as quintessential Sardinian
- Campidanese, spoken in the Southern portion of the island (city of Cagliari), the most Italian-influenced:
- Cagliaritan in and around the Sardinian capital of Cagliari
- Ogliastrian in the Central-Eastern zone
- Iglesiantese in the Southeastern portion of the island
- Sassarese in the Northwestern region of Sassari
- Gallurese in the Northeast, very close to Corsican
Some linguists connect the last two with Tuscan, given the Tuscanization from the 11th century to the 14th century (like Corsican); others put them on equal footing with Logudorese and Campidanese.
It is also worth noting the presence of Catalan, spoken only in the city of Alghero and the Islands of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco (where the Tabarchin dialect of Ligurian, close to the Genoan dialect, still persists.)
Sounds
Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in French language. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections.
Vowels
Vowel chart and discussion of vowels.
Consonants
Consonant chart and discussion of consonants.
Phonology
Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important allophones or assimiliation rules.
Historical sound changes
Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?)
Grammar
Description of the grammar of the language.
Vocabulary
This section should contain a discussion of any special features of the vocabulary (or lexicon) of the language, like if it contains a large number of borrowed words or a different sets of words for different politeness levels, taboo groups, etc.
Writing system
Brief description of the writing system(s) used to write the language. Writing systems have their own page, so what's written here should just be a brief discussion of how this language makes any special use of the writing system and a link to all the writing systems used to write the language.
Examples
Some short examples of the language in the writing system(s) used to write the language. You might also include sound samples of the language being spoken.
External links
- Wikipedia in Sardinian (http://sc.wikipedia.org/)
- limbasarda (http://www.limbasarda.it/gram/gram_iniz.html) proposes the study of the Sardinian language (in Sardinian)
- ditzionariu (http://www.ditzionariu.org/) multilingual dictionary of Sardinian
- mailto:sa-limba@uni-koeln.de mailinglist for those who speak Sardinian
- Ethnologue report for Language (http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=XXX)
Internal links
External links
de:Sardische Sprache fr:Sardinian language it:Lingua Sarda pl:Je˛zyk sardyn´ski