United Baptist
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United Baptists - name of several diverse Baptist groups in the United States and Canada.
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History
The name United Baptist appears to have arisen from two separate unions of Baptist groups - (1) the union of Regular Baptists and Separate Baptists in Kentucky, Virginia, and the Carolinas in the United States late in the 18th century and near the turn of the 19th century, and (2) the union of Regular Baptists and Free Baptists in the Maritime Provinces of Canada near the beginning of the 20th century. Many Baptists in the southern United States were called United Baptists, while most in the north were called Regular Baptists. Missionary Baptist bodies such as the Southern Baptist Convention, the American Baptist Association (ABA) and even some American Baptist Churches USA (ABCUSA) are descendants of the United Baptists. Churches in the ABCUSA retaining the name United Baptist are primarily in the northeast, especially Maine, and are products of the Regular/Free Baptist union. One local association of churches in the ABA maintained the "United Baptist" name into the mid 1990s. A number of churches in the United Baptist Convention of the Atlantic Provinces (now Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches) continue to use the name United Baptist.
Status
The most prominently recognizable United Baptists are the unaffiliated local associations of churches that have remained separate and distinct from affiliation with any national or general organizations. The Churches and Church Membership in the United States 1990 survey found over 54,000 members in 436 churches and 24 associations. Approximately 27 such associations exist in the United States, and they fall roughly in three groups - 1. United Baptist (General), some arminian-oriented, open communion bodies that fellowship with other bodies (that are moderately calvinistic and closed communion) -- the common factor is style of worship; 2. United Baptist (Landmark), moderately Calvinistic closed communion bodies that once nominally cooperated with the Southern Baptist Convention; and 3. United Baptist (Regular), primitivistic closed communion bodies that were early in opposition to Baptist missionary & educational enterprises, but that remained aloof from the Primitive Baptists. The largest concentration of these churches is in Kentucky. The following associations are believed to exist in 2003:
- United Baptist (General)
- Ancient Christian (IN,KY,OH)
- Bethel (MO)
- Bethlehem (WV)
- Central Missouri (MO)
- Centerpoint (MO)
- First Love (IN)
- Friendship (IN)
- New Bethel (OH)
- Ohio Valley (OH,WV)
- Tri-State (IN,KY,OH)
- Union (AR)
- United Baptist (Landmark)
- Green River (KY)
- South Concord (KY)
- South Fork (KY)
- Stockton Valley (TN)
- West Union (TN)
- United Baptist (Regular)
- Blaine Union (KY)
- Calvary (WV) - called "Regular United"
- Iron Hill (KY)
- Laurel River (KY)
- Mt. Sion (WV) - called "Regular United"
- Mt. Zion (KY)
- New Hope (KY)
- Paint Union (KY)
- Old Bethlehem (WV)
- Old Paint Union (KY)
- Old Tri-State Zion (KY)
- Original Old Paint Union (KY)
- Red Bird River (KY)
- Town Creek (AL)- "United Baptists of the Primitive Faith and Order"
- Tri-State Zion (KY)
- United (KY)
- Union Bethlehem (WV)
- Wills Creek #1 (AL) - "United Baptists of the Primitive Faith and Order"
- Wills Creek #4 (AL)
- Zion (KY)
These three (3) sub-groups of United Baptists reflect differences in benevolences, (i.e. Sunday School) historical affiliations (i.e. Landmark) and worship styles (i.e. a capella vs. musical instruments).
- Three bodies nominally connected to the name United Baptist
- Convention of Atlantic Baptist Churches - a union of Free Baptists and Regular Baptists
- United American Free Will Baptist Church
- United American Free Will Baptist Conference
Practice
The unaffiliated United Baptist associations differ from one another in their views on the atonement, eternal security, and prerequisites of communion. They are fairly consistent in avoiding general unions & conventions, observing the ordinance of feet washing, and preferring an itinerant unsalaried ministry. A majority of the churches tend to primitivism, rejecting a trained ministry, Sunday Schools, and even instrumental music. Most prefer natural water baptisms. Associations promote fellowship by "corresponding" with (sending representatives to) other associations that they deem to be of "like faith and order".
External links
- Bethel Association of United Baptist Churches of Jesus Christ (http://bethelassociation.8m.com/)
- Edmonson County (KY) churches (http://www.so-ky.com/photo/church/edmon/edmonsonch.htm) - mostly United Baptist
- Links To Appalachian United Baptist Churches (http://www.geocities.com/elderjgs/links.html)
- United Baptist Association History (http://newprovidence.8m.com/research.htm)
References
- A History of the Baptists, by John T. Christian
- Baptists Around the World, by Albert W. Wardin, Jr.
- Dictionary of Baptists in America, Bill J. Leonard, editor
- Encyclopedia of Religion in the South, Samuel S. Hill, editor
- Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists (Vol. II), Norman W. Cox, editor
- Sub-groups Within the Baptist Denomination (in the United States), by R. L. Vaughn