Transportation in Canada
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Railways
- total: 49,422 km; note - there are two major transcontinental freight railway systems: Canadian National (privatized November 1995) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger service provided by government-operated firm VIA.
- standard gauge: 49,422 km 1.435-m gauge 4 feet 8½ inches (129 km electrified) (2002)
Cities with commuter train systems:
- Montreal, Quebec (Trains de banlieue)
- Toronto, Ontario (GO Transit)
- Vancouver, British Columbia (West Coast Express)
Cities with subway/metro or light rail systems:
- Calgary, Alberta
- Edmonton, Alberta
- Montreal, Quebec (the metro or métro)
- Ottawa, Ontario (the O-Train)
- Toronto, Ontario (operated by the TTC - Toronto Transit Commission)
- Vancouver, British Columbia (SkyTrain)
See also: Rail transport in Canada
Railway links with adjacent countries
- United States - yes
- Alaska - no - except for White Pass and Yukon Route narrow gauge.
Highways
- total: 1.408 million km
- paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways)
- unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)
See also: List of Canadian highways by province, Trans-Canada Highway and Yellowhead Highway
Waterways
3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway
Canals
- St Lawrence Canal
- Welland Canal
- Soo Locks
- Trent Severn Waterway
- Rideau Canal
Pipelines
crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km
Ports and harbors
Bécancour, Quebec; Churchill, Manitoba; Halifax, Nova Scotia; Hamilton, Ontario; Montreal, Quebec; New Westminster, British Columbia; Prince Rupert, British Columbia; Quebec City, Quebec; Saint John, New Brunswick; St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; Sept-Îles, Quebec; Sydney, Nova Scotia; Trois-Rivières, Quebec; Thunder Bay, Ontario; Toronto, Ontario; Vancouver, British Columbia; Windsor, Ontario
Merchant marine
- total: 122 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,840,272 GRT or 2,740,864 DWT
- ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 61, cargo 11, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 2, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 18, rail car carrier 2, roll-on/roll-off 9, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 1 (2002 est.)
- note: does not include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes (1998 est.)
Airports
1,389 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways
- total: 507
- over 3,047 m: 18
- 2,438 to 3,047 m: 15
- 1,524 to 2,437 m: 149
- 914 to 1,523 m: 245
- under 914 m: 80 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways
- total: 882
- 1,524 to 2,437 m: 73
- 914 to 1,523 m: 363
- under 914 m: 446 (2002)
Heliports
12 (2002)
Somewhere it should be mentioned how the Canadian railway linking east and west Canada paralled the transcontinental railroad in the United States. Both of these were extremely important to the development of each country.