Starling

Starlings
Metallic Starling
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae*
Genera
Aplonis Poeoptera Grafisia Onychognathus Lamprotornis Aplonis Aplonis Cinnyricinclus Speculipastor Neochicla Spreo Cosmoparus Sarroglossa Creatophora Fregilupus (extinct) Necropsar (extinct) Sturnus Leucopsar Basilornis Streptocitta Sarcops Scissirostrum See also Myna, Oxpecker

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Sturnidae. Starlings occur naturally only in the Old World (Europe, Asia and Africa), some forms as far east as Australia, but several European and Asian species have been introduced to North America and Australia; the Common Starling is a serious pest in both continents.

They are medium-sized passerines with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct, and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. Several species live around habitation, and are effectively omnivores.

Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. Most species nest in holes, laying blue or white eggs.

Many Asian species, particularly the larger ones, are called mynas, and the members of the African genus Lamprotornis are known as glossy starlings because of their iridescent plumage. The two species of Buphagus are called oxpeckers.

Species list

• Metallic Starling, Aplonis metallica Conservation status: Lower risk
• Yellow-eyed Starling, Aplonis mystacea Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Singing Starling, Aplonis cantoroides Conservation status: Lower risk
• Tanimbar Starling, Aplonis crassa Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Atoll Starling, Aplonis feadensis Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Rennell Starling, Aplonis insularis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Long-tailed Starling, Aplonis magna Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-eyed Starling, Aplonis brunneicapillus Conservation status: Endangered
• Brown-winged Starling, Aplonis grandis Conservation status: Lower risk
• San Cristobal Starling, Aplonis dichroa Conservation status: Lower risk
• Rusty-winged Starling, Aplonis zelandica Conservation status: Lower risk
• Striated Starling, Aplonis striata Conservation status: Lower risk
• Norfolk Starling, Aplonis fusca Conservation status: Extinct (1923)
• Mountain Starling, Aplonis santovestris Conservation status: Vulnerable
• Asian Glossy Starling, Aplonis panayensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Moluccan Starling, Aplonis mysolensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Short-tailed Starling, Aplonis minor Conservation status: Lower risk
• Micronesian Starling, Aplonis opaca Conservation status: Lower risk
• Pohnpei Starling, Aplonis pelzelni Conservation status: Critical
• Polynesian Starling, Aplonis tabuensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Samoan Starling, Aplonis atrifusca Conservation status: Lower risk
• Kosrae Starling, Aplonis corvina Conservation status: Extinct (1828 to 1880)
• Mysterious Starling, Aplonis mavornata Conservation status: Extinct (1825 to 1950)
• Rarotonga Starling, Aplonis cinerascens Conservation status: Vulnerable
• Huahine Starling, Aplonis diluvialis Template:StatusPrehistoric

The mysterious "Bay Thrush" (Turdus ulietensis) may also belong into Aplonis.

• Yellow-faced Myna, Mino dumontii Conservation status: Lower risk
• Golden Myna, Mino anais Conservation status: Lower risk
• Long-tailed Myna, Mino kreffti Conservation status: Data deficient
• Sulawesi Myna, Basilornis celebensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Helmeted Myna, Basilornis galeatus Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Long-crested Myna, Basilornis corythaix Conservation status: Lower risk
• Apo Myna, Basilornis mirandus Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Coleto, Sarcops calvus Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-necked Myna, Streptocitta albicollis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Bare-eyed Myna, Streptocitta albertinae Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Fiery-browed Myna, Enodes erythrophris Conservation status: Lower risk
• Finch-billed Myna, Scissirostrum dubium Conservation status: Lower risk
• Spot-winged Starling, Saroglossa spiloptera Conservation status: Lower risk
• Madagascar Starling, Saroglossa aurata Conservation status: Lower risk
• Golden-crested Myna, Ampeliceps coronatus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Common Hill Myna, Gracula religiosa Conservation status: Lower risk
• Southern Hill Myna, Gracula indica Conservation status: Data deficient
• Enggano Myna, Gracula enganensis Conservation status: Data deficient
• Nias Myna, Gracula robusta Conservation status: Data deficient
• Sri Lanka Myna, Gracula ptilogenys Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• White-vented Myna, Acridotheres grandis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Crested Myna, Acridotheres cristatellus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Javan Myna, Acridotheres javanicus Conservation status: Data deficient
• Pale-bellied Myna, Acridotheres cinereus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Jungle Myna, Acridotheres fuscus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Collared Myna, Acridotheres albocinctus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Bank Myna, Acridotheres ginginianus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Common Myna, Acridotheres tristis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Bali Myna, Leucopsar rothschildi Conservation status: Critical

• • The genus Sturnia is commonly included within Sturnus

• Daurian Starling, Sturnia sturnina Conservation status: Lower risk
• Chestnut-cheeked Starling, Sturnia philippensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-shouldered Starling, Sturnia sinensis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Chestnut-tailed Starling, Sturnia malabarica Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-headed Starling, Sturnia erythropygia Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-faced Starling, Sturnus albofrontatus (treated by some as S. senex) Conservation status: Vulnerable
• Brahminy Starling, Sturnus pagodarum Conservation status: Lower risk
• Vinous-breasted Starling, Sturnus burmannicus (treated by some in Gracupica) Conservation status: Lower risk
• Black-collared Starling, Sturnus nigricollis (treated by some in Gracupica) Conservation status: Lower risk
• Asian Pied Starling, Sturnus contra (treated by some in Acridotheres) Conservation status: Lower risk
• Black-winged Starling, Sturnus melanopterus (treated by some in Acridotheres) Conservation status: Endangered
• Rosy Starling, Sturnus roseus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Red-billed Starling, Sturnus sericeus Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-cheeked Starling, Sturnus cineraceus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Common Starling, Sturnus vulgaris Conservation status: Lower risk
• Spotless Starling, Sturnus unicolor Conservation status: Lower risk
• Wattled Starling, Creatophora cinerea Conservation status: Lower risk
• Réunion Starling, Fregilupus varius Conservation status: Extinct (1850s)
• Rodrigues Starling, Necropsar rodericanus Conservation status: Extinct (after 1726)

• Emerald Starling, Coccycolius iris (treated by some in Lamprotornis) Conservation status: Data deficient
• Cape Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis nitens Conservation status: Lower risk
• Greater Blue-eared Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis chalybaeus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Lesser Blue-eared Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis chloropterus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Southern Blue-eared Glossy-starling, Lamprotornis elisabeth Conservation status: Lower risk
• Bronze-tailed Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis chalcurus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Splendid Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis splendidus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Principe Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis ornatus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Purple Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis purpureus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Rueppell's Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis purpuroptera Conservation status: Lower risk
• Long-tailed Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis caudatus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Meves' Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis mevesii Conservation status: Lower risk
• Burchell's Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis australis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Sharp-tailed Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis acuticaudus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Black-bellied Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis corruscus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Superb Starling, Lamprotornis superbus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Hildebrandt's Starling, Lamprotornis hildebrandti Conservation status: Lower risk
• Shelley's Starling, Lamprotornis shelleyi Conservation status: Lower risk
• Chestnut-bellied Starling, Lamprotornis pulcher Conservation status: Lower risk
• Purple-headed Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis purpureiceps Conservation status: Lower risk
• Copper-tailed Glossy Starling, Lamprotornis cupreocauda Conservation status: Lower risk (nt)
• Violet-backed Starling, Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Conservation status: Lower risk
• Sharpe's Starling, Cinnyricinclus sharpii (treated by some in Pholia) Conservation status: Lower risk
• Abbott's Starling, Cinnyricinclus femoralis (treated by some in Pholia) Conservation status: Vulnerable
• African Pied Starling, Spreo bicolor Conservation status: Lower risk
• Fischer's Starling, Spreo fischeri Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-crowned Starling, Spreo albicapillus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Golden-breasted Starling, Comopsarus regius (treated by some in Lamprotornis) Conservation status: Lower risk
• Ashy Starling, Comopsarus unicolor (treated by some in Spreo) Conservation status: Lower risk

• Red-winged Starling, Onychognathus morio Conservation status: Lower risk
• Slender-billed Starling, Onychognathus tenuirostris Conservation status: Lower risk
• Chestnut-winged Starling, Onychognathus fulgidus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Waller's Starling, Onychognathus walleri Conservation status: Lower risk
• Somali Starling, Onychognathus blythii Conservation status: Lower risk
• Socotra Starling, Onychognathus frater Conservation status: Lower risk
• Tristram's Starling, Onychognathus tristramii Conservation status: Lower risk
• Pale-winged Starling, Onychognathus nabouroup Conservation status: Lower risk
• Bristle-crowned Starling, Onychognathus salvadorii Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-billed Starling, Onychognathus albirostris Conservation status: Lower risk
• Neumann's Starling, Onychognathus neumanni Conservation status: Data deficient
• Narrow-tailed Starling, Poeoptera lugubris Conservation status: Lower risk
• Stuhlmann's Starling, Poeoptera stuhlmanni Conservation status: Lower risk
• Kenrick's Starling, Poeoptera kenricki Conservation status: Lower risk
• White-collared Starling, Grafisia torquata Conservation status: Lower risk
• Magpie Starling, Speculipastor bicolor Conservation status: Lower risk
• Babbling Starling, Neocichla gutturalis Conservation status: Lower risk
• Red-billed Oxpecker, Buphagus erythrorhynchus Conservation status: Lower risk
• Yellow-billed Oxpecker, Buphagus africanus Conservation status: Lower riskda:Stære

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