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The String Quartet No. 5 by Béla Bartók was written between August 6 and September 6, 1934.
The work is in five movements:
- Allegro
- Adagio molto
- Scherzo: alla bulgarese
- Andante
- Finale: Allegro vivace
Like the String Quartet No. 4 and several other works by Bartók, the piece is in a so-called "arch" form - the first movement is thematically related to the last and the second is related to the fourth, with the third standing alone at the work's centre.
Additionally, the first movement, which is in a sort of sonata form, is itself arch-like, in that each section of exposition is given in reverse order during the recapitulation - the melodies of each section are also inverted (played upside-down). Bartók himself pointed out that the keys used in the movement ascend in the steps of the whole tone scale: the exposition is in B flat, C and D; the development is in E; and the recapitulation is in F sharp, A flat and B flat.
The three middle movements are all in ternary form, with the third in a time signature typical of Bulgarian folk music: nine quavers in each bar in uneven groups of 4+2+3. The last movement is again arch-like: Bartók described it as being in the form ABCB'A' with a coda to round things off.
The work was commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge and is dedicated to her. It was premiered by the Kolisch Quartet in Washington, D.C. on April 8, 1935 and first published in 1936 by Universal Edition.
Further reading
- Antokoletz, Elliot. The Music of Béla Bartók: A Study of Tonality and Progression in Twentieth-Century Music. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
- Roger E. Chapman, The Fifth Quartet of Béla Bartók in the periodical Music Review (1951)
- Lendvai, Ernö. Béla Bartók: An Analysis of His Music. London: Kahn & Averill, 1979.