Martin of Tours
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Saint Martin of Tours (Latin: Martinus), (born 316 or 317; died November 11, 397) was a native of Sabaria, Pannonia. His father was a senior officer in the Roman army. Martin was named after Mars, the god of war, meaning `the brave, the courageous'. The family moved to Pavia in Italy. When he was 15, the son of an officer, he had to join the army himself. He was stationed in Gaul and later became a monk and bishop in the region of Poitiers.
The Legend of the Cloak
While Martin was still a soldier he experienced the vision that became the most-repeated story about his life. He was at the gates of the city of Amiens with his soldiers when he met a scantily dressed beggar. He impulsively cut his own military cloak in half and shared it with the beggar. That night he dreamed that Jesus came to him and returned the half cloak Martin had shared with him. He heard Jesus say to the angels: "Here is Martin, the Roman soldier who is not baptised; he has clad me." When Martin woke his cloak was restored. The miraculous cloak was preserved as a relic, and entered the relic collection of the Merovingian kings of the Franks. The Latin word for "short cloak", cappella in Latin, was extended to the people charged with preserving the cloak of St. Martin, the cappellani or "chaplains" and from them was applied to the royal oratory that was not a regular church, a "chapel".
Conversion to Christianity
The dream had such an impact on Saint Martin that he was baptised the next day and became a Christian. He decided to leave the army and became a monk near the city of Tours.
Martin worked for the conversion to Christianity of the populace, making many preaching trips through western and central France. In the course of this work he became extremely popular, and in 371 became bishop of Tours; he refused to live in the city and instead founded a monastery for his residence a short distance outside the walls. The monastery, known in Latin as the 'Larger Monastery' or Maius monasterium became known as Marmoutier in later French.
Folklore
On November 11, Saint Martin's day, children in Flanders, the northern parts of the Netherlands, the Catholic areas of Germany and and in Austria participate in paper lantern processions. Often, a man dressed as Saint Martin rides on a horse in front of the procession. The children sing songs about Saint Martin and about their lantern. The food tradionally eaten on the day is goose. According to legend, Martin was reluctant to become bishop, which is why he hid in a stable filled with geese. The noise made by the geese betrayed his location to the people who were looking for him.
Also in the east part of the Belgian province East-Flanders, children receive presents from Saint Martin on November 11, instead of from Saint Nicholas on December 6, or Santa Claus on December 25.
In recent years the lantern processions have become widespread even in Protestant areas of Germany and the Netherlands, despite the fact that most Protestant churches do not recognize Saints as a distinct class of believers from the laity.
Many churches in Europe are named after Saint Martinus also known as Saint Martin of Tours.
Saint Martin of Tours is also the patron saint of Buenos Aires.
William M. Branham (a 20th century Bible minister) made the claim that Saint Martin played a key roll in church history.da:Skt. Morten de:Martin von Tours fr:Martin de Tours fy:Martinus fan Toers it:Martino di Tours nl:Martinus van Tours pl:Święty Marcin z Tours sv:Martin av Tours