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- Simple machine (1852 bytes)
1: In [[physics]], a '''simple machine''' is any device that only requires the app...
3: The traditional list of simple machines is:
6: * The [[wedge (mechanics)|wedge]]
11: ...rted over a shorter distance, or vice versa. They may also convert the force.
13: ... lever is equal to the ratio of its two arms. The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane (with the...
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- Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...d the manufacture of more production machines for manufacturing in other industries.
3: ...the [[internal combustion engine]] and the development of [[Electric power|electrical power generatio...
5: ...veloped [[agriculture]] and gave up its [[nomad|nomadic lifestyle]].
7: The term industrial ''revolution'' was introduced by [[Fri...
10: ...e of the main causes was the invention of the steam engine. - Ada Lovelace (5406 bytes)
1: [[image:AdaLovelace1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Ada Lovelace]]
2: ...er 10]], [[1815]] - [[November 27]], [[1852]]) is mainly known for having written a description of
3: ...es Babbage]]'s early mechanical general-purpose computer, the [[analytical engine]].
6: ...ry 16]], [[1816]], Annabella left Byron, taking 1-month old Ada with her. On [[April 21]], Byron sign...
8: ... active member of [[London]] society, she was a member of the [[Bluestockings]] in her youth. - Rosalind Franklin (9829 bytes)
1: [[Image:Rosalind Franklin.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Rosalind Franklin]]
2: ...ical chemist]] and [[crystallographer]] who made important contributions to the understanding of the ...
5: ...ings. Later they helped settle Jewish refugees from Europe who had escaped the ''Nazis''.
7: ==Cambridge and early career 1938-1950==
8: ...s the basis of her doctoral degree in physical chemistry that she earned in 1945. - Grace Hopper (7469 bytes)
1: ...r of the first [[compiler]] for a computer programming language.
3: ...ucibility Criteria''. Hopper began teaching mathematics at Vassar in 1931; by [[1941]] she was an [[...
5: ...to work on the development of the Mark II and the Mark III Calculators.
7: ...RITH-MATIC]], [[MATH-MATIC]] and [[FLOW-MATIC]] compilers.
9: ...time. It is fair to say that COBOL was based very much on her philosophy. - Joni Mitchell (9996 bytes)
1: ...ortrait by Joni Mitchell, on the cover of her album ''Both Sides Now'']]
3: ...l|rock music]] and [[jazz]], to become one of the most highly respected [[singer-songwriter]]s of the...
5: ..., which was especially prominent in her later albums.
7: ...o songs widely adopted by other artists, "Chelsea Morning" and "Both Sides Now".
9: ...its pressure and of the loss of privacy and freedom it entails. - Bonnie and Clyde (17385 bytes)
1: [[Image:Bc10.jpg|thumb|Bonnie Parker]]
2: [[image:Bonnie_and_Clyde.jpg|thumb|200px|Bonnie and Clyde clowning.]]
3: ...ng the [[Great Depression]], often with various members of the [[Barrow gang]].
5: ...tween 1931 and 1935, a period which led to the formation of the [[F.B.I.]]
9: ...er a year — and in January 1929, she told him they were through. Although he was sentenced to 5... - Queen bee (6221 bytes)
1: ... normally only one adult, mated queen, who is the mother of the bees of the hive, although there are ...
3: ==Development==
4: [[Image:Royal_jelly_0030.JPG|thumb|right|Queen larva floating on royal jelly in ope...
6: ... which is larger than the cells of normal brood comb, and also is oriented vertically instead of hori...
8: [[Image:Opened_queencell_0021.JPG|thumb|left|Queen cell opened to show queen pupa (with ... - Engraving (3556 bytes)
1: ... are engraved, or may provide an [[intaglio (printmaking)|intaglio]] plate, when [[copper]] is engrav...
3: [[Image:gravers.jpg|thumb|An assortment of hand engraving tools]]
5: ... for cutting straight lines. Other tools such as mezzotint rockers, roulets and burnishers are used ...
7: ...th century engraving of King [[Leopold I of Belgium]]]]
11: ...ems were produced by [[chasing]] or sometimes a combination of [[lost-wax casting]] and chasing. - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: ...ugar onto a cold surface. The resulting solid is amorphous, not crystaline like the sugar was origina...
3: ...esum.'' Anglo-Saxons used the word ''glaer'' for amber.
5: ...common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...th the addition of other compounds or [[heat treatment]].
13: ...found in [[quartz]], or in its polycrystalline form, [[sand]]. - Stained glass (3937 bytes)
2: ... provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]
4: ... provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]]
7: ...limited to a very few primary colors, but today almost any color can be produced.
9: ...transmission characteristics that, even for the same color, can provide surprising results.
11: ...ed]] together to create windows, panels, and/or lampshades incorporating colorful pictures and design... - Printing (4400 bytes)
1: ...wise might have the same name, see [[Print]] (disambiguation).''
3: ...:Drukarnia-zlamywak.jpg|right|thumb|The [[folding machine|folder]] of newspaper web offset printing p...
4: ...rocess for reproducing copies of [[text]]s and [[image]]s, typically with [[ink]] on [[paper]] using ...
6: ...mmercial and industrial printer in the world is [[Montr顬]], [[Quebec]] based [[Quebecor World]].
11: ...1234]] and [[1241]]. By the 12th and 13th century many Arabic and Chinese libraries contained tens of... - Metalworking (1231 bytes)
1: ...s or structures. It requires skill and the use of many different types of [[tool]]s, including:
7: ** [[Combination square]]
9: ** [[Doming block]]
10: ** [[File (metalwork)|File]]
13: ** [[Hammer]] - Textile (4228 bytes)
1: ...]] of another material are considered [[composite material]]s rather than textiles.
3: ...|Roman]] weaver would have no problem recognizing modern plain weave, [[twill]] or [[satin]].
5: ...in the last 100 years. The first synthetics were made in the 1920s and 1930s.
8: ...partial list of the materials that can be used to make textiles.
10: ===Animal origin=== - Carpet (15753 bytes)
1: ...ade routes in the 17th century were significant numbers of [[Persian rug]]s introduced to Western Eur...
3: ...d the latter a floor covering that is loose-laid, most often for decorative purposes.
5: [[Image:Carpet.png|350px|thumb|Contemporary Afghan Rug]]
8: ...s of carpet 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Swatches of machine-made carpet]]
10: ...an flatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch, [[damask]], list, [[haircloth]], and [[ingrain]] (aka d... - Woodworking (12397 bytes)
1: [[Image:Woodcarvings of cranes.jpg|right|thumb|Artists can use woodworking to create delicate [...
2: ...' is the process of building, making or carving something using [[wood]].
7: ...asingly greater degrees of skill in working these materials.
9: ... from the [[La Tene|La T讥]] period are known from a sanctuary at the source of the [[Seine]] in [[F...
11: ... or even copper, as ironworking was unknown until much later. - Bassoon (11661 bytes)
2: ...s a part of orchestral, concert band, and chamber music literature. It is known for its distinctive t...
4: ==History and development==
6: ...e the modern instrument,frequently constructed of maple, with thick walls to allow finger-holes to be...
8: ... the word began to be used to refer to this instrument in particular.
10: ... the bassoon much as it appears in its current form, and a three-keyed bassoon has been dated to 1699... - Martin Van Buren (21629 bytes)
1: ...ble border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><td>
3: <caption><font size="+1">'''Martin van Buren'''</font></caption>
4: ...ground:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2>[[Image:Martin Van Buren.jpg]]</td></tr>
6: ... Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1837]]&ndash;[[March 4]], [[1841]]</td></tr>
8: <tr><td>'''Succeeded by:'''</td><td>[[William Henry Harrison]]</td></tr> - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...nts of the Millennium by LIFE Magazine. Apart from Gutenberg, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Laurens Ja...
3: ==Development of the printing press==
4: ...g different [[book]]s was an incredibly time consuming activity.
6: ...nting press was introduced in relatively recent times (thus bringing the technology full circle).
8: ... candidate advanced is the [[The Netherlands|Dutchman]] [[Laurens Janszoon Coster]]. - Turkey (41694 bytes)
2:
3: common_name = Turkey |
4: national_motto = Peace at Home, Peace in the World
6: national_anthem = [[İstiklâl Marşı]] |
7: image_flag = Flag of Turkey.svg | - Azerbaijan (15031 bytes)
2: ...public]] (an [[exclave]] of Azerbaijan) borders Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and ...
4: ...democracy]], however with strong [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] rule.
6: ...lspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; ...
12: | align=center width="140px" | [[Image:Azerbaijan flag large.png|125px|Flag of Azerba...
13: | align=center width="140px" | [[Image:azeriarms2.PNG]]
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