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- War (7002 bytes)
1: ... action]]''' (see [[War#Limitations on war|limitations on war]] below). War is contrasted with [[peace...
6: ...mploy [[standing army|standing armies]]. Organization and structure has since been central to warfare,...
8: ...a central role in the evolution of warfare. Inventions created for warfare have also played an importa...
14: ...moral and no war should ever be fought. This position was forcefully defended by the Indian leader [[M...
16: ...he [[Second World War]], combined with the unquestioned horror of [[nuclear war]] have contributed to ... - Ancient Greece (23806 bytes)
2: ...e [[Aegean]] coast of [[Turkey]] (then known as [[Ionia]]), [[Sicily]] and southern [[Italy]] (known a...
4: ...100 BC]]), while others argue that these civilizations, while Greek-speaking, were so different from l...
6: ...ander the Great]] in [[323 BC]]. The following period is classed [[History of Hellenistic Greece|Helle...
8: ...and some writers treat the Ancient Greek civilization as a continuum running until the advent of [[Chr...
10: ...naissance]] in Western Europe and again during various [[Classicism|neo-Classical]] revivals in [[18th... - Agesilaus II (5597 bytes)
1: '''Agesilaus II''', or Agesilaos II, king of [[Sparta]], of the [[Eurypontid]] family, was the son of [...
3: ...g a [[cavalry]] force, he made a successful incursion into [[Lydia]] in the spring of [[395 BC]]. [[Ti...
4: ...s recalled to [[Greece]] owing to the war between Sparta and the combined forces of [[Athens]], [[Thebes, ...
5: troops and a Spartan army, he met the confederate forces
7: technically victorious, but the success was a barren one - Agis II (2300 bytes)
1: ...uled with his [[Agiad]] co-monarch [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanius]].
3: ...n [[427 BC]], and as king was the chief leader of Spartan military
4: ...[Peloponnesian War]] broke out, Agis led the invasion of [[Attica, Greece|Attica]] in [[425 BC]].
6: After the conclusion of the [[peace of Nicias]] ([[421 BC]]) he march...
8: ...ea]] in Attica, where he remained directing operations until, after the [[battle of Aegospotami]] ([[4... - Alcibiades (7778 bytes)
2: '''Alcibiades Cleiniou Scambonides''' ([[ancient Greek]]: <small>Α...
6: ...assionate, and indulged in the most insolent behaviour.
8: ...on ideas of justice, temperance, holiness and patriotism.
9: The laborious thought, the ascetic life of his master [[Socra...
10: ...s debaucheries and his impious revels became notorious. - Alcman (1163 bytes)
3: ... wars, the people were able to bestow their attention upon the arts of peace.
5: ...dens' songs), hymns, paeans, ''prosodia'' (processionals), and love-songs, of which he was considered ...
7: ...y, the most considerable being part of a ''Parthenion'' found in 1855 on an [[Egypt]]ian [[papyrus]]; ... - Amyntas III of Macedon (1278 bytes)
3: ...and showed the same taste for [[Hellenic civilization|Greek]] culture and its representatives. But he ...
5: He concluded a treaty with the [[Sparta]]ns, who assisted him to reduce [[Olynthus]] ([[3... - Andocides (1237 bytes)
3: ...trusted by the democrats. Andocides was no professional orator; his style is simple and lively, natura...
5: ...cibiades|Alcibiadem]],'' generally considered spurious. - Antalcidas (1665 bytes)
1: '''Antalcidas''' was a [[Sparta]]n soldier and diplomat, the son of Leon.
3: ...p]] of [[Sardis]], to undermine the friendly relations then existing between [[Athens]] and Persia, of...
5: ...act his efforts. Tiribazus, who was favourable to Sparta, threw Conon into prison, but [[Artaxerxes II]] (...
7: ...ia against Athens. The success of his naval operations in the neighbourhood of the [[Hellespont]] was ...
12: ...favour with Artaxerxes, until the annihilation of Spartan supremacy agfter the [[Battle of Leuctra]] dimin... - Pyrrhus of Epirus (7425 bytes)
9: [[Image:Rome_against_Taranto_location.png|thumb|240px|left|Most important places in th...
15: Due to his superior cavalry and his elephants he defeated in [[battl...
23: ...owards the Sicilian Greeks, and soon Sicilian opinion became inflamed against him. Though he defeated...
29: ...ttle in the narrow city streets. During the confusion, an old woman watching from a rooftop threw a ro...
33: ... [[Battle of Asculum]]. In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, h... - Socrates (7975 bytes)
5: ...ial recognition and instead encouraged the decoration of Alcibiades. During such campaigns, he also sh...
7: ...e thinks this is the most important art or occupation. According to Aristophanes, he managed a scient...
9: ...to Dr Will Beldam he was the first person to question everything and everyone, and apparently it offen...
11: ...], [[Anaxagoras]], [[Prodicus]], the priestess [[Diotima]] and others as his teachers.
15: ...il and background about Socrates' trial and execution. - Artemis (11271 bytes)
7: ...n's identification with and supplantation of [[Helios]] as the [[sun god]]. Artemis also assimilated ...
11: ...ium]]) Her high priest lived in Aricia; his position was passed to the person who was able to kill hi...
13: ...ron]] and the festival of [[Artemis Orthia]] in [[Sparta]].
25: ... conquerors. It seems plausible that the association of Diana worship with slaves may reflect the con...
31: ...irth. Her brother [[Apollo]] exhibited contradiction as well, as he was a god of healing who brought ... - Ancient Olympic Games (9077 bytes)
2: ...c Games''' were an athletic and religious celebration held in the [[Greece|Greek]] town of [[Olympia, ...
10: ...im to organise games in honour of the gods. The [[Sparta]]n adversary of Iphitos then decided to stop the ...
12: ...]], who switched the lynchpins from Oenomaus' chariot with pins made of beeswax: predictably the lynch...
23: The only competition held then was the ''[[stadion]]'' race, a race over about [[1 E2 m|190 metre]]...
25: ...ese Games, using the term ''Olympiad'' for the period between two Games. - Zeus (17267 bytes)
6: ...[Dyeus]], the supreme god in [[Indo-European religion]], also continued as [[Rig-Veda|Vedic]] '''[[Dya...
8: In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical ...
13: ...s, he was the embodiment of Greek [[religion|religious]] beliefs and the [[archetype|archetypal]] Gree...
15: The various titles applied to Zeus emphasized different asp...
16: *'''Olympios''' emphasized Zeus's kingship over both the gods... - Acropolis, Athens (7462 bytes)
4: ... Acropolis of Athens, seen from the [[Theatre of Dionysus]]]]
9: ...mmonly known as "the Acropolis" without qualification. The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock which rises...
11: ...[Persian Wars]] that the Acropolis ceased to function primarily as a fortress.
13: ...nce of habitation and use in the [[Mycenaean]] period when a palace stood there. During that time, it ...
15: ...f worship for the city. Following the Dorian invasion of the 10th century, a new building named ''Enne... - Athena Nike (1650 bytes)
1: ...g she would remain in Athens for success over the Spartans. - Peloponnesian War (15884 bytes)
1: ...and the [[Peloponnesian League]] which included [[Sparta]] and [[Corinth, Greece|Corinth]]. The war was do...
5: ...he Lacedaemonians (commonly known as the [[Sparta|Spartans]]), who, as leaders of the [[Peloponnesian Leag...
7: ...against [[Megara]], an ally of Sparta. These sanctions, known as the [[Megarian decree]], were largely...
11: ... very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). The Athenian Empire, though based in th...
13: ...l, and could not be left unsupervised for long periods of time. - Greco-Persian Wars (5983 bytes)
3: ...rnors) of Asia Minor installed tyrants in most of Ionian cities and forced Greeks to pay taxes for the...
5: ...the [[Battle of Lade]] in [[494 BC|494]], and the Ionian cities sacked, although they were permitted t...
7: ...ner)|Phidippides]] got the message for help to [[Sparta]] in record time, but in the end the Athenians an...
9: ...nd his fleet retired to Asia, where a heavy rebellion had started in [[Babylon]], leaving Mardonius to...
11: ... Also in this year a Greek fleet commanded by the Spartan king [[Leotychides]] destroyed the remaining Per... - Mycenaean Greece (6175 bytes)
2: ... much other [[Greek mythology]]. The Mycenaean period takes its name from the archaeological site [[My...
4: == Mycenaean civilization ==
6: ...eologists and historians doubt that any such invasion took place.
8: ...rol to [[Crete]], center of the [[Minoan civilization]], and adopted a form the Minoan script called [...
10: ... some of the nobility underwent [[mummy|mummification]]. - Aegean Sea (2751 bytes)
3: ...λαγος''', ''Aigaion Pelagos''; [[Turkish language|Turkish]]: '''Ege ...
5: In ancient times there were various explanations for the name "Aegean." It was said to have been...
7: ...owed for contact between several diverse civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean.
9: ...e islands have safe harbours and bays, but navigation through the sea is generally difficult. Many of ...
12: *[[Aegean civilization]]
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