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- Actinium (7046 bytes)
105: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
110: | <sup>221</sup>[[francium|Fr]]
119: | α || 5.536 || <sup>222</sup>[[francium|Fr]]
125: | α || 5.042 || <sup>223</sup>[[francium|Fr]]
141: ...ho separated it from [[uraninite|pitchblende]]. [[Friedrich Otto Giesel]] independently discovered act... - Thomas Edison (20653 bytes)
5: ...ding the [[United States]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], and [[Germany]]. Edison started the [[Moti...
7: ...et at his winter retreat (The Mangoes). They were friends until Edison died. The [[Edison and Ford Win...
10: ...son remained loyal to England when the colonies revolted. That got him arrested and nearly hanged. He an...
12: ...llion]] that sought Canadian independence. The revolt failed and, like his grandfather, Sam fled for hi...
14: From [[Port Huron]], Sam Edison moved to [[Detroit]]... - Lightning (33113 bytes)
10: ...shared some similarity with lightning. [[Benjamin Franklin]] endeavored to test this theory by using a...
12: ... to a post with a [[silk]] thread. As time passed Franklin noticed the loose fibers on the string stre...
14: ... had conducted similar experiments in [[France]], Franklin had suggested the original high-object-with...
16: ...clothes singed, the engraver knocked out, the doorframe of the room split, and the door itself torn of...
18: Franklin also invented the [[lightning rod]], likely... - Capacitor (29664 bytes)
9: [[Image:Dielectric.png|frame|The electrons in the molecules shift toward th...
13: ...h plate for a given [[potential difference]] or ''voltage'' (''V'') which appears across the plates:
14: :<math>C = \frac{Q}{V}</math>
16: ... of charge causes a potential difference of one [[volt]] across the plates. Since the farad is a very l...
22: ...l to the amount of work required to establish the voltage across the capacitor, and therefore the electr... - Electricity (13894 bytes)
6: ...eek]] ''ēlektron'' = "[[amber]]", which came from an old [[root (linguistics)|root]] ''ēlek-...
10: ..., and coined the modern Latin word ''electricus'' from ''ηλεκτρ&omicr...
12: ...[[Ebenezer Kinnersley]] of [[Philadelphia]] (less frequently) who created the convention of positive a...
16: ...dern electrical technology. The work of Faraday, Volta, Ampere, and Ohm is honored by society, in that ...
18: ... measured in units of [[volt]]s in recognition of Volta's work. - Hybrid vehicle (47544 bytes)
6: ... used as [[generators]], depending on the applied voltage, direction of current flow, and the phase of [...
12: ...cused [[FreedomCAR]] initiative{{cite web | title=FreedomCAR: Getting New Technology into the Marketpl...
16: ...irst production model of this design, released in France in [[2003]]. However, the environmental benef...
20: ...ent in March 2004 allowing Ford to use 20 patents from Toyota related to hybrid technology, although F...
24: ...d States]] rose to 43,435 cars, a 25.8 % increase from 2002 numbers. [[California]], the nation's most... - Kelvin (3722 bytes)
4: ! Conversion from
18: ...en molecular motion stops), and one kelvin is the fraction 1/273.16 of the [[thermodynamic temperature...
42: * ''[[electron volt]]s to kelvins''<br>
45: *''kelvins to electron volts''<br>
46: *:<math>\frac{\mathrm{K}}{11,\!605}</math> - Americium (6956 bytes)
99: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
123: ...t slowly tarnishes in dry air. [[Alpha emission]] from Am-241 is approximately three times [[radium]]....
132: ... isotopes of americium range in [[atomic weight]] from 231.046 [[atomic mass unit|amu]] (Am-231) to 24... - Antimony (9093 bytes)
111: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
133: ...ndance of antimony in the [[Earth]]'s crust range from 0.2 to 0.5 [[part per million|ppm]]. Antimony ...
136: ...r]] industry in the production of [[diode]]s, [[infrared]] detectors, and [[Hall effect|Hall-effect]] ...
138: *antifriction alloys,
144: *plumbing ("lead-free" solder contains 5% Sb) - Arsenic (12497 bytes)
105: ! [[decay energy|DE]] <small>([[electron volt|MeV]])</small>
146: ...nto the [[20th century]], as a [[pesticide]] on [[fruit tree]]s (resulting in neurological damage to t...
148: ... ingestion - directly or indirectly - of wood ash from CCA timber (the lethal human dose is approximat...
161: ...nic poisoning]] were somewhat ill-defined, it was frequently used for [[murder]] until the advent of t...
172: ...groundwater is of natural origin, and is released from the sediment into the groundwater due to the an... - Astatine (5377 bytes)
95: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
106: ...85. This [[radioactive]] element occurs naturally from [[uranium]] and [[thorium]] decay and is the he...
111: With the possible exception of [[francium]], astatine is the rarest naturally occurri...
117: ...211, which can then be [[distillation|distilled]] from the target by heating in the presence of air. - Barium (8466 bytes)
101: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
154: ...pure form. It is primarily found in and extracted from the [[mineral]] [[barite]] which is crystalized...
167: ...t does not dissolve, and is eliminated completely from the digestive tract. - Berkelium (5697 bytes)
53: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
83: [[X-ray diffraction]] techniques have been used to identify var...
88: ...berkelium-243 ([[half-life]] 4.5 hours) and two [[free neutron]]s. One of the longest lived [[isotope]...
91: ... isotopes of berkelium range in [[atomic weight]] from 235.057 [[atomic mass unit|amu]] (Bk-235) to 25... - Beryllium (15119 bytes)
115: ! [[decay energy|DE]] <small>([[electron volt|MeV]])</small>
141: ...berated when it is hit by [[alpha particle]]s, as from [[radium]] or [[polonium]] (about 30 neutrons/m...
152: .../Telescope/mirrortale/ (Beryllium related details from NASA here)] will have 18 hexagonal beryllium se...
155: ...[beryl]] and in [[emerald]]s. [[Friedrich Woehler|Friedrich W?r]] and [[Antoine Alexandre Brutus Bussy...
167: ...d to examine [[soil erosion]], [[soil formation]] from [[regolith]], the development of [[laterite|lat... - Bismuth (9188 bytes)
126: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]] <br> (not SI)
146: ...ts except [[mercury (element)|mercury]]. [[Lead]]-free bismuth compounds are used in [[cosmetics]] and...
151: ...stitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale]] in [[Orsay]], [[France]] measured the [[alpha emission]] [[half-life...
159: *Strong permanent [[magnet]]s can be made from the alloy [[bismanol]] ([[manganese|Mn]]Bi).
165: ... many of its [[alloy]]s expand slightly when they freeze make them ideal for this purpose. - Bromine (8073 bytes)
128: ! [[decay energy|DE]] <small>([[electron volt|MeV]])</small>
140: '''Bromine''' (from Gr. ''Bromos'', meaning "stench"), is a [[chemi...
165: ...million|ppm]]), and may be economically recovered from brine wells and the [[Dead Sea]] (up to 5000 pp...
170: ...ane]]s. Even low concentrations of bromine vapor (from 10 ppm) can affect breathing, and inhalation of... - Cadmium (10755 bytes)
114: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
175: *Due to a low [[coefficient of friction]] and very good fatigue resistance, it is u...
181: ...r [[solar cell]]s. [[HgCdTe]] is sensitive to [[infrared]].
186: ...nts|discovered]] in [[Germany]] in [[1817]] by [[Friedrich Strohmeyer]]. Strohmeyer found the new ele...
188: ...ighly toxic, the [[British Pharmaceutical Codex]] from 1907 states that [[cadmium iodide]] was used as... - Calcium (9166 bytes)
81: ...</th><th>[[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]</th><th>[[decay product|DP]]</th></tr>
106: ...llic element that is purified by [[electrolysis]] from [[calcium fluoride]]. It burns with a yellow-re... - Californium (7452 bytes)
36: ...</th><th>[[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]</th><th>[[decay product|DP]]</th></tr>
59: ...[supernova]]e remnants. Californium-249 is formed from the [[beta decay]] of [[berkelium]]-249 and mo...
72: ...of californium-245 (half-life 44 minutes) and a [[free neutron]].
75: ...sotopes of californium range in [[atomic weight]] from 237.062 [[atomic mass unit|amu]] (Cf-237) to 25... - Cerium (12377 bytes)
115: ! [[decay energy|DE]] [[mega|M]][[electron volt|eV]]
176: ...oling of the metal can change its oxidation state from about 3 to 4.
223: The isotopes of cerium range in [[atomic weight]] from 123 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (123-Ce) to 152 u (1...
226: ...h bismuth and antimony are very exothermic. Fumes from cerium fires are toxic. Water should not be use...
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