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- Vernacular architecture (3581 bytes)
1: ...changing, but do so slowly. The new houses built from old patterns physically manifest, and then perp...
3: ...] is a relatively new invention, because academic architecture has tended towards a narrow range of acceptable s...
5: ...pted to identify adaptive features of traditional architecture that apply across cultures in his book [[A Patter...
9: ... and non-vernacular than whether or not a kind of architecture is accepted within academia.
18: *[[Timber framing]] - Islamic architecture (6677 bytes)
7: [[Prehistoric architecture]]</td></tr>
9: [[Architecture of the ancient world]]</td></tr>
11: [[Western architecture]]</td></tr>
13: '''Islamic architecture'''</td></tr>
15: [[Architecture of the Far East]]</td></tr> - Medieval architecture (3180 bytes)
2: ...'' is a term used to represent various forms of [[architecture]] popular in the [[Middle Ages]].
4: ==Religious architecture==
6: ...ssioned by [[Justinian]] employed the [[Byzantine architecture|Byzantine style]] of domes and a [[Greek cross]] ...
9: ''Main article: [[Romanesque architecture]]''
11: ...dern scholarship based on its similarity to Roman Architecture in forms and materials. Romanesque is characteriz... - Victorian architecture (1096 bytes)
1: The term '''Victorian architecture''' can refer to one of a number of [[architectura...
11: *[[Jacobethan architecture]] (the precusor to the Queen Anne style)
18: ...m 1825-1900. Greek Revival architecture stretches from the later part of the Colonial era into the beg...
20: :''See also'': [[Georgian architecture]]. - Roman architecture (3399 bytes)
1: ...yles are often considered one body of [[classical architecture]]. Sometimes that approach is productive, and som...
3: ... a nearly exact copy of that of [[Greece]], aside from the [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] contribu...
5: ...]] from [[Rectangle|rectangular]] cells to a more free-flowing environment.
7: On return from campaigns in Greece, the general [[Lucius Corne...
9: ...rchitecture, though no longer used with any great frequency, can still be seen throughout [[Europe]] a... - Byzantine architecture (9737 bytes)
2: '''Byzantine architecture''' is the [[architecture]] of the [[Byzantine empire]]. The empire emerge...
6: ...s of Constantinople]] and [[Yerebatan Saray]]. A frieze in the [[Ostrogoth|Ostrogothic]] palace in Ra...
8: ...tinople is a superb sample of the early Byzantine architecture]]
10: ...ogy)|stone]], [[classical orders]] were used more freely, [[mosaic]]s replaced carved decoration, and ...
14: ...e]] (4th century); or [[annex]]es were thrown out from the central space in such a way as to form a cr... - Architecture of Ancient Greece (9161 bytes)
3: ...[[Roman architecture]] heavily copied Greek), and from late written sources such as [[Vitruvius]] ([[1...
5: [[Architecture]], like [[painting]] and [[sculpture]], was not s...
7: ...rble came only from Mt Pentelus in [[Attica]] and from a few islands such as [[Paros]], and its transp...
16: ...iezes]], which consisted of alternating [[metope (architecture)|metopes]] and [[triglyph|triglyphs]]. No survivi...
23: ...e most common and best-known form of Greek public architecture. The temple did not serve the same function as a ... - Architecture (13950 bytes)
1: ...own planning]], [[urban design]], and [[landscape architecture]] to the microlevel of [[furniture]].
6: ...tinuing tradition. What is termed as [[Vernacular architecture]] today falls under this mode and still continues...
10: ...followed in important works, especially religious architecture. Some examples of canons are the works of Vitruvi...
12: ...redominantly Islamic societies as well as similar architecture elsewhere.
14: ...nd in areas where Muslims are a minority. Islamic architecture includes mosques, madrasas, caravansarais, palace... - Proportion (architecture) (4508 bytes)
15: ...and historians. Within a classical order elements from the positioning of triglyphs to the overall hei...
21: ...Romans would occasionally use proportions derived from the Golden Section (most famously, in the Parth...
27: ...oduced proportional systems for classically-based architecture.
37: ...ility to perceive relationships between objects. From these discovered limits he extrapolated a syste...
41: * [[Mathematics and architecture]] - Modern architecture (3868 bytes)
1: ...' is the term given to the range of approaches in architecture, first appearing at the beginning of the [[20th c...
4: ...utes Modern architecture itself, depending on the frame of reference of the historian.
6: == Basis for Modern architecture ==
8: ...are designed by bringing in qualities of art into architecture.
12: Finally Modern architecture is characterised by the way in which it:
Page text matches
- Mexico (27255 bytes)
15: national_motto =''Sufragio efectivo, No reelecci󮧧
16: ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Effective suffrage, no reelection)'' |
43: established_dates = From [[Spain]]<br>[[September 16]], [[1810]]<br>[[Se...
64: ...or them all the highly-civilized arts, sculpture, architecture, engraving, feather-mosiac work, the invention of...
68: On [[September 16]], [[1810]], independence from Spain was declared, by [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costi... - Ionic order (6526 bytes)
2: ... or '''organizational systems''']] of [[classical architecture]], the other two canonic orders being the [[Doric...
6: ... [[Greek Revival]], it conveyed an air of archaic freshness and primitive, perhaps even republican, vi...
8: ...wers may swing from the clefts of the volutes, or from their "eyes". After a little early experimentat...
12: ...the proportions of the architrave, which made the frieze more prominent.
14: ... and civilized. Because no treatises on classical architecture survive earlier than that of Vitruvius, identific... - Ancient Greek theatre (7531 bytes)
7: ...ition holds that formal theatre in Athens evolved from festivals related to the cult of [[Dionysus]], ...
9: ... the Dionysia each year. The dithyrambs began as frenzied [[improvisation]]s. In the 600s BC, the poe...
17: ...have complete plays that survive extant. All are from Athens. They are the tragic writers [[Aeschylu...
21: ... Comedy|New Comedy]]. The only extant playwright from the period is [[Menander]]. One of New Comedy'...
31: === Architecture === - China (38909 bytes)
1: ...ng in the [[3rd century BC]] to protect the north from raiders on horseback.]]
5: ...[country]]'s territorial extent expanded outwards from a core area in the [[North China Plain]], and v...
7: ... formally surrendering its claims, has moved away from its former identity as the ruler of China, and ...
16: ...eir nation as culturally and politically distinct from - and as the [[axis mundi]] of surrounding nati...
25: ... political legitimacy. It was used in this manner from the tenth century onwards by the competing dyna... - Clip art (7441 bytes)
2: * Thousands of [https://classroomclipart.com Free Clipart]
10: .../category/architecture-and-buildings-clipart.htm Architecture Clipart]
37: ...sroomclipart.com/image/category/fruit-clipart.htm Fruit Clipart]
78: ...documents with limited distribution to use images from non-public-domain sources for which they have n... - Catherine de' Medici (7484 bytes)
3: ... [[Valois Dynasty|Valois]] branch of the kings of France, and mother of three further kings of that br...
5: ...the time, but who would become King [[Henry II of France]].
7: ...proposal. But Catherine did produce children, and Francis lived long enough to see his grandchildren b...
11: ...r the accession of her sickly son [[Francis II of France]] at age 15. His wife, [[Mary I of Scotland|...
13: ...e or metal. They forcefully shrank women's waists from their natural dimensions to as little as 43, 38... - Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
12: ... later when the Duchess of Marlborough was banned from court during the [[War of the Spanish Successio...
15: ...nce of Sarah Jennings, who would become her close friend and one of her most influential advisors. Jen...
19: ...rth to a son ([[James Francis Edward Stuart|James Francis Edward]]) in [[1688]], for a Roman Catholic ...
22: ...ffices. Lady Marlborough was subsequently removed from the Royal Household, leading Princess Anne to a...
24: ...mplete trust of her brother-in-law, who refrained from making her his Regent during his military campa... - Victoria of the United Kingdom (38571 bytes)
7: ...] from [[20 June]] [[1837]], and Empress of India from [[1876]] until her death. Her reign lasted more...
12: ... Duke of York were already married, but estranged from their wives) and father children to provide an ...
14: ...anguage|Greek]], [[Latin]], and [[French language|French]]. Her educator was the Reverend [[George Da...
20: ... own marital surname was. After examining records from the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha archives, they reported t...
23: [[Image:queen_victoria.jpg|framed|left|A young Victoria is depicted at her coro... - Mary Magdalene (15420 bytes)
12: ...and dismissed by the early church fathers. In the fragmentary text, the disciples ask questions of the...
22: ...[Harvard Divinity School]], has observed, "The confrontation of Mary with Peter, a scenario also found...
31: ...:10); although the Roman Catholic Church withdrew from this linkage at the [[Second Vatican Council]] ...
33: ...ose critical scholars who are drawing conclusions from the canonic texts alone believe that the woman ...
36: ...rance]]. Though her bones were scattered at the [[French Revolution]], her head is said to remain in h... - Renaissance (14795 bytes)
5: ...e [[French language|French]] translation, used by French historian [[Jules Michelet]], and expanded up...
12: ... concentrate on the Renaissance as the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age.
21: ... the humanist method of learning. These new ideas from the past (called the "new learning" at the time...
32: ...ived [[Latin]], so was [[Roman architecture|Latin architecture]] revived, for example [[Rucellai's Palazzo]] bui...
49: ...cumstances which helped these geniuses to come to fruition. - Middle Ages (21063 bytes)
1: ... Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the [[Western Roman Empire]] ([[5th ...
5: [[Image:MCD_001.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Romanesque]] [[architecture]] flourished in the early '''Middle Ages''': [[Hi...
6: ...ern European historians. That term has now fallen from favor, partly to avoid the entrenched stereotyp...
8: ... lost. Administrative, educational and military infrastructure quickly vanished, leading to the rise o...
12: ...oon converted, following the example of the pagan Frank [[Clovis I]]. The interaction between the cult... - Medieval art (6359 bytes)
3: ...he [[Islamic art history|Middle East]] and North Africa. It includes the major art movements, national...
15: ''Early Christian art'' covers the period from about 200 (before which no distinct Christian f...
17: ...|Celtic speaking]] peoples of Ireland and Britain from about the 5th century, with the Roman withdrawl...
19: ...ples during the [[V?rwanderung|Migration period]] from about 300-900 (to be completed).
25: ...om 600-900 and the development of regional styles from 900-1500. - Mosaic (6524 bytes)
3: ...mphitrite_mosaic.jpg|thumb|150px|Detail of mosaic from [[Herculaneum]] depicting [[Amphitrite]]]]
12: ...ior decoration]]. In mosaics, small [[tile]]s or fragments of pottery (known as ''[[tesserae]]'', dim...
16: ...istinguished luxurious Roman villas across north Africa. In Rome, Nero and his architects innovated th...
18: ...]. In Western Europe, the demanding techniques of fresco replaced the even more labor-intensive techni...
20: .... The process is known as [[zillij]] in [[North Africa]] and [[qashani]] further east. Some of the b... - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
4: ...The [[Venus of Willendorf]] (30,000 - 25,000 BC), from the area of [[Willendorf]], [[Austria]], is a w...
6: ... Stone was generally rare and had to be imported from other locations.
8: ...on the men. Votive stone sculptures of this type from 2700 BC were discovered at [[Tell Asmar]]. Man...
13: ..., so that it can have four legs visible if viewed from the side. The piece was excavated at [[Nimrud]...
16: ...is the [[Narmer Palette|Palette]] of King Narmer, from 3100 BC. The palette, which was used for mixin... - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: ...iginally, which can be seen in its [[conchoidal]] fracture.
3: The word ''glass'' comes from [[Latin]] ''glacies'' (ice) and corresponds to ...
18: ...nto other shapes and colors as shown in this ball from the [[Verrerie of Brehat]] in [[Brittany]].]]
22: ...plify]] transmitted signals by [[laser]] emission from within the glass itself.
26: Glass is sometimes created naturally from volcanic [[magma]]. This glass is called [[obs... - Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
7: ...recent find, [[the Mask of La Roche-Cotard]] in [[France]], now suggests that Neanderthal humans may h...
9: The earliest [[figurine]] yet discovered come from between 500,000 and 300,000 BC, during the Midd...
12: ...Patterns on utilitarian objects, like the paddles from [[Tybrind Vig]], [[Denmark]], are known as well...
17: ...pomorphic figurines, often embellished by animals from the very beginning of the Neolithic discovered ...
22: ...Western and Northern Europe, notably at Carnac, [[France]], at [[Skara Brae]] in the [[Orkney Islands]... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: '''Calligraphy''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] καλ...
4: Calligraphy should be distinguished from the studies of [[epigraphy]] or [[palaeography]...
12: ...uan-shu and contained more than 3,000 characters. From that time to the present, there have been five ...
14: ... as a guide, hiragana and katakana were developed from simplified cursive versions of characters. In t...
52: ...clerical script is highly stylised, a development from seal script form. They are highly angular in ap... - Vernacular architecture (3581 bytes)
1: ...changing, but do so slowly. The new houses built from old patterns physically manifest, and then perp...
3: ...] is a relatively new invention, because academic architecture has tended towards a narrow range of acceptable s...
5: ...pted to identify adaptive features of traditional architecture that apply across cultures in his book [[A Patter...
9: ... and non-vernacular than whether or not a kind of architecture is accepted within academia.
18: *[[Timber framing]] - Cairo (12536 bytes)
6: ...invade Cairo or defeated elsewhere by troops sent from Cairo. ([[Mongols]], Crusaders & Ottomans are e...
16: ... dominated by the government buildings and modern architecture, the eastern half is filled with hundreds of anci...
24: ...rhood and contains important buildings of Islamic architecture. ]]
26: The current location of Cairo was too far from the ancient course of the Nile to support a cit...
28: ...t]], which lay close to an ancient Egyptian canal from the Nile to the Red Sea. - Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
18: ...nd an American [[statesman]], [[ambassador]] to [[France]], [[Political philosophy|political philosoph...
23: ...0]], [[1720]]–[[March 31]], [[1776]]), both from families who had settled in [[Virginia]] for se...
25: ...ch included Jefferson, [[John Adams]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Roger Sherman]], and [[Robert R. Livin...
27: ...[curriculum]] of which Jefferson also designed. [[Frank E. Grizzard]], Jr., a scholar at the Universit...
30: ...at the layers of occupation, and draw conclusions from them.
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