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- Industrial Revolution (30001 bytes)
1: ...t of all-metal machine tools in the first two decades of the nineteenth century enabled the manufactur...
3: ...wth of the [[internal combustion engine]] and the development of [[Electric power|electrical power gen...
5: ...red to the [[Neolithic revolution]], when mankind developed [[agriculture]] and gave up its [[nomad|no...
10: ...he accompanying development of international [[trade]], creation of [[financial market]]s and accumula...
12: ...h often imposed tolls and [[tariff]]s on goods traded among them. - Textile (4228 bytes)
1: ...rsed in a [[matrix]] of another material are considered [[composite material]]s rather than textiles.
3: ...oman]] weaver would have no problem recognizing modern plain weave, [[twill]] or [[satin]].
5: ... the last 100 years. The first synthetics were made in the 1920s and 1930s.
8: Textiles can be made from a variety of materials. The following is a p...
17: *[[Wool]]: divided into [[woollen]] and [[worsted]] - Weaving (6924 bytes)
1: ...rn), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including [[tapestry|tapestries]].
3: ...heir fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
5: ...dye]]d before weaving is called [[ikat]]. Fabric decorated using a wax resist method is called [[bati...
9: .... The weft thread crosses the warp in some over/under sequence. The nature of that sequence gives rise...
11: ...rsely, if the warp is spread out, the weft can slide down and completely cover the warp, giving a ''we... - Bangladesh (29715 bytes)
1: ...ing north of the [[Bay of Bengal]], on land it borders [[India]] and [[Myanmar]], and it is a close ne...
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
3: ...86;<br>Gano Projātontrī Bānglādesh</big></big>
8: ...age:Bangladesh flag large.png|125px|Flag of Bangladesh]]
9: | [[Image:Bangladesh coa.png]] - Cotton (7876 bytes)
2: ...[New World]]. The fiber is most often spun into [[yarn|thread]] and used to make a soft, breathable [[te...
4: ...cked form is ideal for [[spinning]] into a fine [[yarn]].
9: ...a domesticated different species of cotton independently thousands of years ago.
13: ...preposterous belief: "There grew there India a wonderful tree which bore tiny lambs on the ends of its...
28: ...able. Historically, one of the most economically destructive pests in cotton production has been the ... - Alaska (24727 bytes)
23: DensityRank = 50<sup>th</sup> |
24: 2000Density = 0.42 |
25: AdmittanceOrder = 49<sup>th</sup> |
28: Latitude = 54?40'N to 71?50'N |
29: Longitude = 130?W to 173?E | - Spinning Jenny (3557 bytes)
1: [[image:Spinning jenny.jpg|300px|thumb|Model of the spinning jenny in a museum in Wuppertal, ...
2: ...ally reduced the amount of work needed to produce yarn, with a single worker able to work eight or more ...
6: ...nocked over one of their own spinning wheels. The device kept working as normal, with the spindle now ...
8: ...draw it out to the proper thickness. A clamp-like device in the roving beam allowed the operator to th...
10: ...p. Later developments improved the quality of the yarn and increased the number of spindles to eighty or... - Silkworm (3141 bytes)
17: ...ns its [[cocoon]] from raw silk. The cocoon is made of a single continuous thread of raw silk from 30...
20: ...to eat its way out of the cocoon naturally, the [[yarn|thread]]s will be cut short and the silk will be ...
21: ...worms at a silk factory in Thailand. Picture provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
22: ...us|genome]] has been the object of considerable modern study.
26: ...lk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread.There are many more legends about the silkw... - Lute (15915 bytes)
1: ...ilar [[oud]]. The words 'lute' and 'oud' are both derived from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''al‘u...
3: ==Description of the instrument==
7: ...h the ''peg box''. (There are no gears or other aides for tuning the instrument, which fact — al...
9: ...t (or extremely rarely of metal), and are still made of gut or a synthetic substitute, with metal wind...
13: ...of a lute is a somewhat complicated issue, and is described in a separate section of its own, [[Lute#T... - Crochet (5214 bytes)
3: ...gin of the crochet technique is a subject of considerable controversy. The word is not to be confused ...
5: ==Definition==
7: ... many stitches into a single loop. Stitches are made by pulling one or more loops through each loop of...
12: ...th America, or China, but there is no decisive evidence of the craft being performed before its popula...
14: ... point to the tambour hooks used in tambour embroidery in France in the seventeenth century, and conte... - Bayeux Tapestry (13194 bytes)
2: ...the town of [[Bayeux]] in [[Normandy]]. It was made in [[England]] after the [[Norman Conquest]] of [...
5: ...ships, 2000 Latin words and 8 different colors of yarn. (Baker 275)
7: ...of Bayeux, who were fighting for the Republic, needed cloth to cover their wagons. As such, the tapes...
9: ...Mathilde" (Tapestry of Queen Mathilda). The embroiderers used wool which had been tinted with vegetabl...
11: ...unknown whether they were done in chronological order. (Crack 1) - Alpaca (9975 bytes)
16: ...ranging from white to black, including various shades of brown and gray.
17: ...h American [[camel]]-like [[ungulate|ungulates]], derived from the wild [[guanaco]]. It resembles a s...
19: ==Physical Description==
21: ...f around 15 to 20 years. Alpacas have a long, slender neck, a small head with pointy ears, and large, ...
23: ...hout the year. They are not used as beasts of burden like [[llama|llamas]], but are valued only for t... - Marimba (4188 bytes)
2: ...re arranged as those of a [[piano]], with the accidentals raised vertically and overlapping the natura...
4: ...ey widths are constant along its entire length, modern marimba keys are usually short (both lengthwise...
6: ...p"), the Musser grip, and the [[Stevens grip]] (made popular by [[Leigh Howard Stevens]]). Each grip h...
10: Modern marimba uses include solo performances, percussion ensembles, marimba ...
13: ...onators; in more sophisticated versions carved wooden resonators are substituted, allowing for more pr... - Vibraphone (4143 bytes)
4: ... vibraphone is commonly played with [[cord]] or [[yarn]] [[drum stick#Mallets|mallets]].
6: ... each tube are connected via a rod which can be made to rotate with an electric motor. When the motor ...
16: ... four mallets and the instrument has joined the modern jazz [[rhythm section]] as an accompaniment ins...
18: ...t the notes of a melody from bleeding together, modern vibists employ the technique of [[mallet dampen...
20: ...a note bend effect by sliding a mallet from the node (the portion of the bar the string passes through... - Cat (30067 bytes)
3: ...e:Cat_outside.jpg|200px|A cat in the botanical gardens in Buenos Aires, Argentina.]] | caption = [[:Im...
18: ...imal bears the closest resemblance to the "ideal" definition of the breed (see [[selective breeding]])...
23: ...n/a/spay_neuter.htm 1] [[Feral]] cats living in modern urban environments often live 2 years or less.
25: ...ars can point backwards as well as forwards and sideways.
27: ...more than most animals, especially as they grow older. Daily durations of sleep are various, usually 1... - Silkworm Moth (4931 bytes)
19: ...ns its [[cocoon]] from raw silk. The cocoon is made of a single continuous thread of raw silk from 30...
22: ...to eat its way out of the cocoon naturally, the [[yarn|thread]]s will be cut short and the silk will be ...
24: ...us|genome]] has been the object of considerable modern study.
28: ...lk. She taught this to the people and it became widespread. There are many more legends about the silk...
30: ...hat a Chinese princess smuggled eggs to Japan, hidden in her hair. The Japanese thus began their love ... - History of science in the Middle Ages (30877 bytes)
4: ...igation was renewed. Science developed in this golden period of [[Scholasticism|Scholastic philosophy]...
6: ...ong many others. These advances, however, were suddenly interrupted by the [[Black Plague]] and are vi...
14: ...not completely assimiliated by the Roman culture. Debilitated by migrations, barbarian invasions and t...
16: ... culture]] as the [[Dark Ages]]. Nowadays, most modern historians dismiss the use of the term by point...
18: ... Institutionally, these new schools were either under the responsibility of a [[monastery]], a [[cathe... - Spinning mule (12067 bytes)
2: ...1790 until about 1900 and was still used for fine yarns until the 1960s. In 1890, a typical cotton mill ...
5: ... make enough [[yarn]] for the man's [[loom]]. But demand overtook supply due to:
7: ...y [[John Kay]] of the [[flying shuttle]] (which made the loom twice as productive).
9: ...d flyer with heck, in a '''continuous''' process. Development was sponsored by businessmen such as [[A...
11: ...ased supply of yarn inspired developments in loom design such as Rev. [[Cartwright]]'s [[power loom]].... - Spinning wheel (2604 bytes)
2: ...ce for [[Spinning (textiles)|spinning]] thread or yarn from fibrous material such as wool or cotton.
6: ... then wound on either a post called (after its predecessor) the ''spindle'', or onto a [[bobbin]].
8: ...assembly, for spinning linen and [[worsted-spun]] yarns; and the ''charka'', a small, portable, hand-cra...
10: ...p spinning in order to wind up the yarn already made. - Spinning (textiles) (1848 bytes)
2: '''Spinning''' is the process of creating [[yarn]] (or thread, rope, cable) from various raw fiber...
3: ...els may be foot, hand or electrically powered. Modern powered spinning, originally done by [[hydropow...
5: ...er to control specific yarn qualities and produce yarn not commercially available. They also may spin f...
7: Materials that can be used to create yarn fall into three broad classes: [[plant]], [[anima...
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